La Familia

Richard Griswold Del Castillo

Description

In detailed historical analyses of Mexican immigration, economic class struggle, intermarriage, urbanization and industrialization, regional differences, and discrimination and prejudice, La Familia demonstrates how such social and economic factors have contributed to the contemporary diversity of the Mexican-American family. By comparing their family experience with those of European immigrants, he discloses important dimensions of Mexican-American ethnicity.

Sujets

• Minority Studies
• Social Science
• Sociologie, société et politique
• Sociology
• Hispanic and Latino Americans
• Anthropology
• Latina

Informations

• Publié par: University of Notre Dame Press
• Date de parution: 31 janvier 1991
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780268085575
• Langue: English

Extrait

La Familia
Chicano Families in the Urban Southwest, 1848 to the Present
RICHARD GRISWOLD DEL CASTILLO
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
Copyright © 1984 by University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
All Rights Reserved www.undpress.nd.edu Manufactured in the United States of America Reprinted in 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Griswold del Castillo, Richard. La familia: Chicano families in the urban Southwest, 1848 to the present. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Mexican American families—Southwest, New—History. 2. Southwest, New—Social conditions. I. Title. II. Title: Chicano families in the urban Southwest, 1848 to the present. F790.M5G75 1984 306.8′50896872073 84–40356 ISBN 10: 0–268–01272–5 (alk. paper) ISBN 13: 978 0 268 01273 1 (pbk.: alk. paper) ISBN 10: 0–268–01273–3 (pbk: alk. paper) ∞ This book is printed on acid-free paper . -->
E-ISBN 978-0-268-08557-5
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T O M ARYANN
wife, mother, and friend
Contents
Tables
Preface
1. Myth, History, and Theory
2. Urban Cultural and Economic Transformations
3. Patriarchy under Attack
4. Varieties of Family Cohesion
5. Mexican Immigration and Intermarriage
6. Child Rearing, Discipline, and Sex
7. Mexican-American Families, 1910–1945
8. The Contemporary Chicano Family
9. Continuities and Changes Since 1848
Appendix A. Sampling and Statistical Methodology
Appendix B. A Note on Terminology
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
Notes
Bibliography Index -->
Tables
1. Comparative Populations of Mexican Americans and Anglo-Americans in Four Southwestern Towns, 1850–1880
2. Economic Change in Four Southwestern Urban Counties As Measured by Selected Indicators, 1850–1880
3. The Sectoral Distribution of the Mexican-American Work Force in Four Southwestern Towns, 1850–1880
4. The Percentage of Female-Headed Households among Mexican Americans in Four Southwestern Towns, 1850–1880
5. The Percentage of Males Ages 20–59 Unemployed among Mexican Americans, 1850–1880
6. The Percentage of Employed Mexican-American Women Ages 20–50 in Four Southwestern Towns, 1850–1880
7. The Household Status of Employed Mexican-American Women Ages 16–59, 1850–1880
8. The Proportions of Extended and No-Family Households, 1850–1880
9. The Distribution of Mexican-American (MA) and Anglo-American (AA) Households, 1850–1880
10. Mexican-American and Anglo-American Extended Households Compared to National Trends, 1850–1880
11. Age Characteristics of Mexican-American and Anglo-American Relatives Living in Extended Households, 1850–1880
12. Mexican-American (MA) and Anglo-American (AA) Households in Four Urban Areas, 1850–1880
13. The Percentage of Spanish Surnamed Born in Mexico, 1850–1880
14. The Household Organization of Native-Born Anglo-American, Native and Mexican-Born Spanish Surnamed in Los Angeles and San Antonio, 1850–1880
15. The Percentage of Unmarried Men to Unmarried Women: Anglo-Americans Ages 16–59, 1850–1880
16. Intermarriage: Mixed Unions as a Percentage of All Couples in Four Southwestern Towns, 1850–1880
17. Proportions of Children over the Age of 20 Remaining in Households by Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Nativity of the Head of Household, 1850–1880
18. Free Union Couples, 1850–1880
19. Mexican-Born, Mexican-Heritage, and Total Urban Population in Four Cities and Counties, 1900–1950
20. Infant Mortality Rates (per 1,000 live births) for the Mexican and White Populations of Los Angeles County (unincorporated area), 1916–1929
21. Characteristics of Native-Born and Mexican-Born Urban Families in 1930
22. Intermarriage of Hispanos and Anglos in Bernalillo County (Albuquerque), 1915–1964
23. Mexican Immigration, 1945–1960
24. Social Science Literature Dealing with the Mexican-American Family, 1945–1960
25. Rates of Exogamy, 1976–1980
26. Sample Size for Individuals in Four Southwestern Cities, 1850–1880
27. Sample Size for Households in Four Southwestern Cities, 1850–1880
28. A Comparison of Computer-Generated Family Relationships with Those Specified in the 1880 Federal Census in Four Southwestern Towns
29. The Distribution of Extended-Family Households by Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics of the Head of Household, 1850–1880
30. The Occupational Status of Mexican-American (MA) and Anglo-American (AA) Relatives Living in Extended Households in Four Urban Areas, 1850–1880
31. The Comparative Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Native-Born (NB) and Mexican-Born (MB) Spanish Surnamed in Los Angeles and San Antonio, 1850–1880
32. The Percentage of Exogamy and Endogamy by Sex and Generation, 1850–1880
Preface
I N RECENT YEARS there has been a growing interest in the study of the contemporary Chicano family. Yet in all the research that has been done so far we still do not know whether the present-day manifestations of family behavior are entirely new or whether they are part of a longer historical process. The purpose of this book is to investigate the social and economic history of families of Mexican heritage in the urban Southwest since 1848, the year that marked the end of the war against Mexico and the American incorporation of almost half of that nation’s territories. My intention is to link the past with the present.
The thesis I propose is that in the past 150 years there has been a conflict between the beliefs and values held by Mexican Americans regarding the proper and desirable way to live within families and the economic pressures of the American capitalist system. The Mexican-American culture, itself a dynamic hybrid, and United States economic development in all its ramifications have been historically opposed. This is because in the middle of the nineteenth century the Mexicano culture and economy of the borderlands region, today the American Southwest, were divorced by war and conquest. During a long period of colonization the Americans sought to subordinate those aspects of Mexicano culture that were incompatible with their economic and political order.
Because the beginnings of this schism between culture and the economy developed in the previous century, the primary research emphasis of this book is the nineteenth-century urban experience of families in four towns: Los Angeles, Tucson, Santa Fe, and San Antonio. There were, of course, other cities and towns in the American Southwest during the last part of the nineteenth century. I thought it appropriate to select those urban areas which were the most significant regional centers. Albuquerque and El Paso also became important regional centers in the twentieth century. The decision to study the cities and not the rural areas or small towns was one dictated by economy of purpose and by a realization of our need to understand varieties of family experience that have the most relevance to our present time.
This book is far from a definitive treatment of the subject, even as limited as I have defined it. Nevertheless, I anticipate that its shortcomings will be remedied by others who choose to enter this field. My hope is that as a result of this book, and others like it which are bound to surface, social scientists and historians will reconsider the historical dimensions of the Mexican-American familial experience in their writings. Certainly the time is long overdue for the Chicano family to be included in debates and discussions about the American family.
Those who write about the history of the Mexican heritage populations in the United States always have to wrestle with problems of terminology, what to call the groups they are describing and analyzing. When discussing the historical family I have consistently used the term “Mexican American” to describe a heterogeneous population that included both Mexican immigrants and long-term residents in the United States. When discussing the contemporary family, I use the term “Chicano,” because this seems to bring the subject closer to our present-day reality. A full discussion of the problem of terminology may be found in the appendices.
There are many individuals and institutions who made the completion of this book possible. The National Endowment for the Humanities gave me a generous summer research stipend in 1981 that enabled me to begin serious research on this topic. In 1982 San Diego State University gave me a sabbatical leave which freed me from my teaching responsibilities and gave me time to rethink and write key portions of the manuscript. The university also contributed a number of small grants and a great deal of computer time and paper to help me gather the quantitative portions of the study and do the typing. Susan Archer and Rick Crawford of the University Computer Center were more than generous with their time, helping me to disentangle seemingly endless problems in computer applications. During the summer of 1982 the Huntington Library gave me a stipend to enable me to use their outstanding library for research and writing. I am especially in debt to Martin Ridge, senior research associate at the library for his encouragement, advice, and most of all for his careful reading of the manuscript. Like all researchers I owe a great debt to many research librarians in the various archives I have consulted: the Huntington Library; the Arizona Historical Society; the State Archives and the Museum of New Mexico in Santa Fe; and the Benson a