Latinos in New York

Description

Significant changes in New York City's Latino community have occurred since the first edition of Latinos in New York: Communities in Transition was published in 1996. The Latino population in metropolitan New York has increased from 1.7 million in the 1990s to over 2.4 million, constituting a third of the population spread over five boroughs. Puerto Ricans remain the largest subgroup, followed by Dominicans and Mexicans; however, Puerto Ricans are no longer the majority of New York's Latinos as they were throughout most of the twentieth century.

Latinos in New York: Communities in Transition, second edition, is the most comprehensive reader available on the experience of New York City's diverse Latino population. The essays in Part I examine the historical and sociocultural context of Latinos in New York. Part II looks at the diversity comprising Latino New York. Contributors focus on specific national origin groups, including Ecuadorians, Colombians, and Central Americans, and examine the factors that prompted emigration from the country of origin, the socioeconomic status of the emigrants, the extent of transnational ties with the home country, and the immigrants' interaction with other Latino groups in New York. Essays in Part III focus on politics and policy issues affecting New York's Latinos. The book brings together leading social analysts and community advocates on the Latino experience to address issues that have been largely neglected in the literature on New York City. These include the role of race, culture and identity, health, the criminal justice system, the media, and higher education, subjects that require greater attention both from academic as well as policy perspectives.

Contributors: Sherrie Baver, Juan Cartagena, Javier Castaño, Ana María Díaz-Stevens, Angelo Falcón, Juan Flores, Gabriel Haslip-Viera, Ramona Hernández, Luz Yadira Herrera, Gilbert Marzán, Ed Morales, Pedro A. Noguera, Rosalía Reyes, Clara E. Rodríguez, José Ramón Sánchez, Walker Simon, Robert Courtney Smith, Andrés Torres, and Silvio Torres-Saillant.

Sujets

• Social Science
• HISTORY
• Sociologie, société et politique
• México
• Latino culture
• Hispanic and Latino Americans
• Latin America
• Latina
• Mexico
• Discrimination

Informations

• Publié par: University of Notre Dame Press
• Date de parution: 23 juin 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780268101534
• Langue: English

Extrait

Latinos in New York
LATINO PERSPECTIVES
José Limόn, Timothy Matovina, and Luis Ricardo Fraga, series editors

The Institute for Latino Studies, in keeping with the distinctive mission, values, and traditions of the Uni- versity of Notre Dame, promotes understanding and appreciation of the social, cultural, and religious life of U.S. Latinos through advancing research, expanding knowledge, and strengthening community.
LATINOS IN NEW YORK

Communities in Transition
SECOND EDITION
EDITED BY SHERRIE BAVER, ANGELO FALCÓN,
AND GABRIEL HASLIP-VIERA
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
www.undpress.nd.edu
Copyright © 2017 by the University of Notre Dame
All Rights Reserved
Published in the United States of America
Chapter 8 copyright © 2017 Walker Simon and Rosalía Reyes
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Baver, Sherrie L., editor. | Falcâon, Angelo, editor. |
Haslip-Viera, Gabriel, editor.
Title: Latinos in New York : communities in transition /
edited by Sherrie Baver, Angelo Falcon, and Gabriel Haslip-Viera.
Description: Second edition. | Notre Dame, Indiana :
University of Notre Dame Press, 2017. | Series: Latino perspectives |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2017018505 (print) | LCCN 2017018689 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780268101527 (pdf) | ISBN: 9780268101534 (ePub) | ISBN 9780268101503
(hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 0268101507 (hardcover : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9780268101510 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 0268101515 (pbk. : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Hispanic Americans—New York (State)—New York. | Hispanic
Americans—New York Region. | New York (N.Y.)—Social conditions. |
New York Region—Social conditions.
Classification: LCC F128.9.S75 (ebook) | LCC F128.9.S75 L37 2017 (print) |
DDC 974.7/100468—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017018505
∞ This paper meets the requirements of
ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).
This e-Book was converted from the original source file by a third-party vendor. Readers who notice any formatting, textual, or readability issues are encouraged to contact the publisher at [e-mail]
This book is dedicated to the memory of our friend and colleague Juan Flores, 1943–2014.
CONTENTS

Introduction
Angelo Falcón, Sherrie Baver, and Gabriel Haslip-Viera
PART ONE. THE CONTEXT
CHAPTER ONE. The Evolution of the Latina/o Community in New York City: Early Seventeenth Century to the Present
Gabriel Haslip-Viera
CHAPTER TWO . Puerto Ricans: Building the Institutions for the Next Generation of Latinos
Clara E. Rodríguez
CHAPTER THREE . Latinos and Religion in New York City: Continuities and Changes
Ana María Díaz-Stevens
PART TWO . UNDER THE LATINO NATIONAL UMBRELLA
CHAPTER FOUR . Where Have All the Puerto Ricans Gone?
Andrés Torres and Gilbert Marzán
CHAPTER FIVE . Perspectives on Dominicans in New York City
Ramona Hernández and Silvio Torres-Saillant
CHAPTER SIX . Mexicans in New York at a Crossroads in the Second Decade of the New Millennium
Robert Courtney Smith
CHAPTER SEVEN . Ecuadoreans and Colombians in New York
Javier Castaño
CHAPTER EIGHT . Central Americans in New York
Walker Simon and Rosalía Reyes

PART THREE. POLITICS AND POLICY ISSUES
CHAPTER NINE . Puerto Rican and Latino Politics in New York: Still “Secondhand” Theory
José Ramón Sánchez
CHAPTER TEN . Latina/o Voting Rights in New York City
Juan Cartagena
CHAPTER ELEVEN . Latinos and US Immigration Policy since IRCA: National Changes, Local Consequences
Sherrie Baver
CHAPTER TWELVE . Latino Core Communities in Transition: The Erasing of an Imaginary Nation
Ed Morales
CHAPTER THIRTEEN . Children First and Its Impact on Latino Students in New York City
Luz Yadira Herrera and Pedro A. Noguera
CHAPTER FOURTEEN . Latinos and Environmental Justice: New York City Cases
Sherrie Baver
CHAPTER FIFTEEN . Latino Politics in New York City: Challenges in the Twenty-First Century
Angelo Falcón
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER SIXTEEN. Nueva York, Diaspora City: Latinos Between and Beyond
Juan Flores
List of Contributors
Index
Introduction
Angelo Falcón, Sherrie Baver, and Gabriel Haslip-Viera
Developments in the Latino community of New York City have often served as a harbinger of things to come for this population nationally. As a leading global city, New York is subjected to powerful international forces as well as to the push and pull of local ones at a scale rarely seen elsewhere. Home to what is probably one of the most diverse Latino populations in the world, with the most complex settlement patterns, in many ways the city appears, in light of national trends, to represent the Latino future throughout the country. A close examination of the transitions taking place in New York’s Latino community can provide clues about developments in the broader Latino and other similarly situated communities.
Since the first edition of Latinos in New York in 1996, the editors have witnessed continuities but also many dramatic changes in this community. In this second edition, we document, for a new generation of students and other interested readers, what has remained the same as well as what has changed. While we attempt a wide review of critical issues confronting the city’s Latinos, the research agenda before us remains broader. Issues such as the role of race, culture and identity, health, the criminal justice system, the media, and higher education are but a few that require greater attention from both an academic and a policy perspective.
The impetus for the first volume was that while numerous works existed on Hispanics or Latinos, 1 we were surprised by the absence of a more comprehensive text on New York’s Latino community. Studies that started appearing in the 1960s often focused on particular national-origin subgroups such as Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans. They also often did so in specific US localities or regions such as Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, southern Florida, and the Southwest. By the 1980s, several volumes appeared examining the Hispanic or Latino community nationally, 2 spurred on by the rise in research interest in the issue of persistent poverty and the underclass, followed by the growth of immigration studies. Still, however, little research had been published on the New York Latino experience.
In comparison to the histories of migration between other localities and regions, the history of immigration from Latin America to New York differs in terms of its timing and the mix of its nationality groups. For example, “Spanish,” “Hispanics,” and “Hispanicized Native Americans” were already settled in southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas before those areas were ceded to the United States in 1848, at the end of the Mexican-American War. Small groups of Spaniards and Latinos were also found in Florida when that region was ceded to the United States by Spain in 1819. By contrast, the Hispanic presence in New York and other eastern and midwestern urban areas, such as Philadelphia and Chicago, became significant only in the early part of the twentieth century, although the origins of the migration, especially to New York and its environs, can be traced back earlier. 3
Local and regional differences have been apparent in the mix of subgroups as well as in the socioeconomic status of Latino national-origin groups. In terms of the subgroup mix, Mexicans and other immigrants from Central America, for example, have been the predominant Spanish-speaking groups in the Southwest, while balanced but separate communities of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans were the pattern in Chicago. Cubans dominated in southern Florida since the early 1960s, while Puerto Ricans dominated in New York and other communities in the Northeast, most recently along with Dominicans, Cubans, Colombians, Ecuadoreans, Salvadorans, and Peruvians. In recent years, the growing immigration of Latin Americans to the United States and the migration of Latinos throughout the country have made all American urban areas much more diverse. 4
On the issue of socioeconomic background, many immigrants and migrants in the first part of the twentieth century came from impoverished urban, rural, or mixed rural and urban backgrounds, such as Mexicans in the Southwest or Puerto Ricans and later Dominicans in New York and other parts of the Northeast. Yet other immigrant groups from South America were predominantly urban and middle class; and the first large wave of Cubans arriving in the early 1960s after the Cuban Revolution and mainly settling in Miami were, typically, well-off and well educated. This picture of the subgroups is now even more mixed, typified by the large migration of Puerto Rican professionals to Central Florida from Puerto Rico.
Aspects of the Latino presence usually overlooked are its scale and its geographic and sociopolitical complexity. In a city of more than 8.5 million residents, Latinos make up close to a third of the population spread over five counties, which are locally called boroughs. Geographically, Latinos live in as many as twenty or so barrios , each the size of a small to medium-sized city, with their own histories,