Network Persistence and the Axis of Hierarchy

Steven Rytina

Description

A study of how networks imply a singular axis of stratification

Network Persistence and the Axis of Hierarchy shows how networks, modestly redefined as a strong, yet imperfect tendency for pairings to recur day after day, that is, stickiness, imply a singular axis of stratification. This is contrary to the nearly universal insistence that stratification is multidimensional. Reanalysis of three central mobility data sets sustains the novel claim. Network concepts provide a supple base for analysis whereby order and regularity are strongly sustained in network neighborhoods but are not necessarily uniform or universal. This provides new takes, often quite radical, on accounts of structure and order by authors such as Pierre Bourdieu, Randall Collins and Talcott Parsons.

List of Illustrations; Preface; Chapter One Sticky Struggles: The Unified Pattern of Social Ranks Inherent in Networks; Chapter Two Foundations of Cacophony; Chapter Three Knots of Regularity; Chapter Four Hierarchy: Inevitable but Inevitably Messy; Chapter Five The Inevitable Emergence of Stratification; Chapter Six Scaling Intergenerational Continuity: Is Occupational Inheritance Ascriptive After All?; Chapter Seven Taming the Mobility Table; Chapter Eight Is Occupational Mobility Declining in the United States?; Chapter Nine The Continuum of Class over Time: Deconstructing Imposed Class to Uncover Empirical Classes; Chapter Ten Concluding Reflections; Appendix: Why Robust Attraction Is (Effectively) Inevitable for Mobility Data; Index.

Sujets

• Sociologie, société et politique
• Sociology
• Social theory
• Social sciences

Informations

• Publié par: Anthem Press
• Date de parution: 30 avril 2020
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781785271984
• Langue: English

Extrait

Network Persistence and the Axis of Hierarchy
Network Persistence and the Axis of Hierarchy
How Orderly Stratification Is Implicit in Sticky Struggles
Steven Rytina
Anthem Press
An imprint of Wimbledon Publishing Company
www.anthempress.com
This edition first published in UK and USA 2020
by ANTHEM PRESS
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and
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Copyright © Steven Rytina 2020
The author asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work.
All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-78527-196-0 (Hbk)
ISBN-10: 1-78527-196-2 (Hbk)
This title is also available as an e-book.
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
Preface
Chapter One Sticky Struggles: The Unified Pattern of Social Ranks Inherent in Networks
Chapter Two Foundations of Cacophony
Chapter Three Knots of Regularity
Chapter Four Hierarchy: Inevitable but Inevitably Messy
Chapter Five The Inevitable Emergence of Stratification
Chapter Six Scaling Intergenerational Continuity: Is Occupational Inheritance Ascriptive After All?
Chapter Seven Taming the Mobility Table
Chapter Eight Is Occupational Mobility Declining in the United States?
Chapter Nine The Continuum of Class over Time: Deconstructing Imposed Class to Uncover Empirical Classes
Chapter Ten Concluding Reflections
Appendix: Why Robust Attraction Is (Effectively) Inevitable for Mobility Data
Index
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figures
6.1 Path diagrams of the role of education in intergenerational continuity of occupational rank
7.1A Fitted density of the SAT model
7.1B Fitted density of the SAT model net of marginal sizes
7.1C Fitted density of the status and autonomy components of the SAT model
7.1D Ratios of outflows based on status and autonomy components of the SAT model, comparing each category’s outflows to a reference category, “other Craft”
7.1E Fitted density of the status component of the SAT mode
7.2 Quantile-quantile plot of 1 degree of freedom likelihood ratio tests for asymmetry of father versus offspring location for 348 detailed occupations
7.3 Quantile-quantile plot of 1 degree of freedom likelihood ratio tests for difference of location on principle dimension versus MSEI2 for 398 detailed occupations
7.4A Fitted density net of marginals for the SSIA mobility surface
7.4B The mohawk. Fitted density for the SSIA mobility surface, net of the marginals, with uniform micro-diagonal inflation
7.4C The mohawk of uniform micro-diagonal inflation viewed from a different angle
7.5A Fitted density using SSIA for the 17 aggregated SSIA categories, net of the marginals
7.5B Fitted density using SSIA for the 17 aggregated SSIA categories, net of the marginals, with inflated micro-diagonal included in diagonal values
7.6 SSIA standardized to offspring marginal distribution
7.7 Marginal distribution of SSIA using bin width of .29 based on 18,175 cases derived from OCGII data
7.8 Proportions of sons with current occupations at or above an SSIA value for three selected fathers’ occupations
8.1 Major occupation group
8.2 Major occupation group
9.1 An illustrative cascade of class viewed over time
9.2 Decomposition of the Erikson–Goldthorpe seven category class schema
9.3 (a) England and Wales data; (b) USA-OCGII data; (c) USA-GSS data; (d) Comparison of USA with England and Wales
A1 Eigenvectors as carriers for occupational scales
Tables
2.1 A socioeconomic classification and ranking of 17 occupational categories with comparisons to other ranking systems
2.2 Summary of the results of the ranking exercise reported in Table 2.1
3.1 Sticky networks illustrated
6.1 Correlations among various rankings of detailed occupational categories
6.2 Correlations of various rankings of detailed occupational categories with average offspring SEI and average fathers’ SEI
6.3 Correlations measuring the intergenerational continuity of occupational rank
6.4 Correlations of different measures of occupational rank with respondent education
6.5 Total occupational continuity and net direct effect of father’s rank on offspring rank for different measures of rank
6.6 The correlation of offspring occupational rank with father’s occupational rank for different levels of education
7.1 Measures of fit for Hout’s SAT model and for models using subsets of the terms of the overall model
7.2 Weighted and unweighted correlations of scales with average origins, average destinations, and both combined
7.3 Outliers among tests of the hypothesis that detailed occupations are vertically dispersed across job contexts
7.4 Tests for and measures of vertical differentiation due to contrasts of job context that Blau and Duncan used to subdivide 10 coarse occupational categories into 17 categories
7.5 Selected results from estimating vertical locations contrasting job contexts within detailed occupations
7.6 Comparison of aggregations based on the Blau and Duncan 17 category scheme versus 17 equal intervals of SSIA
7.7 Statistics for various association models applied to the 17 Blau and Duncan categories table and to the 17 aggregated SSIA categories table
8.1 Correlations among assorted operationalizations of occupational rank
8.2 Correlations of various occupational scales with average origins and destinations scored by various scales
8.3 Intercorrelations among measures of occupational rank
8.4 Standardized regression coefficients and multiple correlations for regressions on SEI and OCGII-SSIC of occupational ranks estimated by SSIC applied to GSS data
8.5 Results of inferential tests of whether the mobility counterparts of occupations scored by SEI differ from SEI rank. Results from OCGII used to form a priori categories to assess replication with the GSS data
8.6 Assorted rank values for all detailed occupations with SEI > 70 (top panel) or SEI between 17 and 20 (bottom panel) and at least 30 observations in the NORC GSS, 1972–90, pooled sample
8.7 Intergenerational occupational correlations using various scales for annual and cumulative annual samples of the GSS
8.8 Percentage change in the intergenerational occupational correlation versus the .3675 found with SEI in OCGII for annual GSS samples using different occupational scales
8.9 Intergenerational occupational correlations for various scales for 1972–86 and 1987–90 subsamples of the NORC GSS with tests for no difference
8.10 Changes in the role of education as mediator of the intergenerational reproduction of occupational rank
9.1 Demonstration that standard results obtained from fitting aggregated tables may be obtained as differences of models within the expanded framework
9.2 Correlations among occupational scales
9.3 Correlations between occupational scales and averaged scale values over mobility counterparts
9.4 Intergenerational correlations assessed using alternative occupational scales
9.5 Maximum likelihood models used to detect the echo of class
9.6 Gross and net immobility for the seven Erikson–Goldthorpe–Portocarero classes
9.7 Comparison of models including demonstration of the echo of class
PREFACE
This book presents some novel takes on fundamental questions of sociology, including what the nature of the social is, how one can square the sometimes evident rigidities of social structure with the effectively universal capacity to defy or resist rules, norms, or other possible sources of social cohesion and regularity, and what the nature of social stratification is.
I will not try to anticipate the full answers here—that is the task of the text. But I do want to insert a few observations about the nature of the argument.
This book took a long time to prepare—the better part of a decade although in truth I only worked on it full time during two years of sabbatical leave. It is laughable to recall this now, but when I first anticipated the project I allocated “about a month” at that, the brief month of February. It didn’t quite work out.
My optimism had grounds. I had a relatively short list of notions that I aimed to cover. To me, these were clear conceptions and claims that I had entertained for some number of years. Seemingly all I had to do was write them out.
What made that much harder than I anticipated was twofold. For the most part, all of my claims were mutually linked, that is, each of the facets illuminated multiple other facets and the lights shined in either direction. In a sense, this was inevitable, for what I had in mind was a singular object, a conceptual sketch of social structure, that combined multiple complementary notions. A first consequence was that no particular order for writing them out was apparent. Second, nearly all of the claims deviated from widespread sociological reasoning generally regarded as compulsory. Nakedly stated