Product Market Structure and Labor Market Discrimination

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Description

While increased competition may generate economic efficiency and push employee compensation to market rates, it may also help reduce differential treatment for protected groups such as women, minorities, and the disabled. This book presents the most comprehensive body of empirical evidence on the connection between the product market and the extent of discrimination in labor markets. The contributors look at data from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Hong Kong in order to explore the product market's influence on discrimination against the disabled, the role of deregulation in creating competition and altering racial employment patterns, and the influence of privatization on public employees' earnings. Nuanced analyses, using best practice econometrics, lead the contributors to conclude that while competition helps equalize treatment of employees, it does not eliminate discrimination.
Tables
Foreword
Preface

1 The Influence of Product Market Structure on Labor Market Discrimination
John S. Heywood and James H. Peoples

2 Market Power and Racial Earnings: A Quantile Regression Approach
Jacqueline Agesa and Kristen Monaco

3 Product Market Structure and Gender Discrimination in the United Kingdom
Clive Belfield and John S. Heywood

4 Gender and Wages in Germany: The Impact of Product Market Competition and Collective Bargaining
Uwe Jirjahn and Gesine Stephan

5 Gender Composition and Market Structure in Hong Kong
John S. Heywood and Xiangdong Wei

6 Privatization and Racial Earnings Differentials
James H. Peoples and Wayne K. Talley

7 New Estimates of Discrimination against Men with Disabilities: The Role of Customer Interaction in the Product Market
Marjorie L. Baldwin

8 Regulatory Reform and Racial Employment Patterns
Kaye Husbands Fealing and James H. Peoples

9 Market Structure, Payment Methods, and Racial Earnings Differences
John S. Heywood and Patrick L. O’Halloran

Contributors
Index

Sujets

• Industrial relations
• Labour

Informations

• Publié par: State University of New York Press
• Date de parution: 01 juin 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780791482407
• Langue: English

Extrait

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d Edit E e dit b e y d by Joh J n oh S n .H S. ey He w y o w od oo & d & Ja J m a es me H s .P H. eo P p e l o e p s les

P P r r o o d d u u c c t t M M ar ar k k e e t t S S tr tr u u c c t t u u r r e e a a n n d d L L a a b b o o r r M M a a r r k k e e t t D D is is c c ri rim in in at a i t o io n n

Product Market Structure and Labor Market Discrimination

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Product Market Structure and Labor Market Discrimination

Edited by John S. Heywood and James H. Peoples

State University of New York Press

Published by State University of New York Press, Albany

© 2006 State University of New York

All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.

For information, address State University of New York Press, 194 Washington Avenue, Suite 305, Albany, NY 12210-2384

Production by Kelli Williams Marketing by Michael Campochiaro

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Product market structure and labor market discrimination / edited by John S. Heywood and James H. Peoples. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7914-6623-X (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Social marketing. 2. Discimination in employment. I. Heywood, John S., 1957– II. Peoples, James.

HF5414.P76 2005 331.1—dc22

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

2005006556

Contents

List of Tables Foreword Preface Chapter 1 The Influence of Market Structure on Labor Market Discrimination John S. Heywood and James H. Peoples

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Market Power and Racial Earnings: A Quantile Regression Approach Jacqueline Agesa and Kristen Monaco

Product Market Structure and Gender Discrimination in the United Kingdom Clive Belfield and John S. Heywood

Gender and Wages in Germany: The Impact of Product Market Competition and Collective Bargaining Uwe Jirjahn and Gesine Stephan

Gender Composition and Market Structure in Hong Kong John S. Heywood and Xiangdong Wei

Privatization and Racial Earnings Differentials James H. Peoples and Wayne K. Talley

v

vii xi xiii

1

15

39

59

81

101

vi

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Contents

New Estimates of Discrimination against Men with Disabilities: The Role of Customer Interaction in the Product Market Marjorie L. Baldwin

Regulatory Reform and Racial Employment Patterns Kaye Husbands Fealing and James H. Peoples

Market Structure, Payment Methods, and Racial Earnings Differences John S. Heywood and Patrick L. O’Halloran

Contributors Index

125

155

187

209 213

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

3.7

3.8

4.1

Tables

Descriptive Statistics of Workers in Manufacturing Industries, 1991–1996

Percent of Black Workers in Manufacturing Industries, 1991–1996

Ordinary Least Squares Estimates of Earnings of Workers in Manufacturing Industries, 1991–1996

Quantile Regression Estimates of Earnings of Union Workers in Manufacturing Industries, 1991–1996

Quantile Regression Estimates of Earnings of Nonunion Workers in Manufacturing Industries, 1991–1996

Description of Market:

Manager Responses

Measures of Competition:

Critical Variables:

Manager Responses

Workplace Level and Worker Level

Effect on Log Hourly Pay for Female Workers

Gender Earnings Difference for Female Workers

Workplace-Level Effects of Percent Female on Log Median Wage at Workplace

Workplace-Level Effects of Percent Female Workforce on Financial Performance and Labor Productivity

Workplace-Level Effects of Percent Female on Financial Performance and Labor Productivity by Market Competitiveness

Descriptive Statistics of Performance Pay

vii

20

22

26

28

32 44 45 46 47 49

51

53

54 70

viii

4.2 4.3

4.4

5.1

5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 6.1 6.2

6.3 6.4 6.5

6.6

6.7

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

Tables

Determinants of Receiving Piece Rates

Determinants of the Log Hourly Wage at the Individual Level

Determinants of Gender Differences in Establishment Effects on Wages

Variable Description and Descriptive Statistics for Hong Kong

Cross Tabulation of Gender Share and Market Structure

Regressions with the Parsimonious Model

Regressions with the Augmented Model

Regressions with the Extended Model

Mean Residency Patterns

Metropolitan Area Labor Earnings and Racial Residency Patterns of Public Municipal Employees

Mean Weekly Earnings

Earnings Results for Public Municipal Workers

Black–White Racial Earnings Differentials for Local Government Employees

Black–White Racial Earnings Differentials for Private Sector Employees

Description of Explanatory Variables and Their Descriptive Statistics for Public Municipal Workers Who Provide Construction, Public Transit, Energy Utility, Recreation, or Health Services

Mean Wages and Employment Rates by Disability Status: Stratified by Prejudice Rankings

Decompositions of Wage Differentials between Disabled and Nondisabled Men: Stratified by Prejudice Rankings

Mean Wages and Employment Rates by Disability Status: Stratified by Visibility Rankings

Decompositions of Wage Differentials between Disabled and Nondisabled Men: Stratified by Visibility Rankings

73

74

76

87 89 91 93 95 105

107 109 112

115

117

119

141

143

145

146

8.1 8.2 8.3

8.4

8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9

8.10

8.11

9.1 9.2 9.3

9.4

9.5

9.6

9.7

Tables

EEOC Legislation for Network Industries

Deregulation and Divestiture in Network Industries

Mean Profile for For-Hire Truck Drivers in the Motor Carrier Industry

Mean Profile for All Workers in the For-Hire Sector in the Motor Carrier Industry

Mean Profile of Railroad Workers

Mean Profile of Airline Workers

Mean Profile of Telecommunications Workers

Mean Profile of Utility Workers

Predicted Union Status Probability of For-Hire Truck Drivers and Private Carriage Truck Drivers

Predicted Employment Probabilities of Workers in Deregulated Network Industries

Predicted Employment Probabilities of Nonnetwork Workers in Service Sector Industries

Descriptive Statistics by Race

Log Wage Equations by Race and Payment Method

Log Wage Equation with the Sample Limited to Sales, Craft, Laborer, and Operative Occupations

Piece Rate and Commission Coefficients by Race and Gender with the Sample Limited to Sales, Craft, Laborer, and Operative Occupations

Nonwhite Coefficient from a Subsample Limited to Professional and Managerial Occupations

Piece Rate and Commission Coefficients from Fixed Effects Models and Change Equations

Selection Corrected Estimates

ix

158 161

165

166 168 169 171 173

175

176

179 192 196

198

198

199

201 202