The Handy African American History Answer Book

Jessie Carney Smith

Description

Celebrating the impact of African Americans on U.S. society, culture, and history! Traces African American history through four centuries of profound changes and amazing accomplishments.

Walking readers through a rich but often overlooked part of American history, The Handy African American History Answer Book addresses the people, times, and events that influenced and changed African American history. An overview of major biographical figures and history-making events is followed by a deeper look at the development in the arts, entertainment, business, civil rights, music, government, journalism, religion, science, sports, and more. Covering a broad range of the African American experience, showcasing interesting insights and facts, this helpful reference answers 700 commonly-asked questions including ...

What is the significance of the Apollo Theater?

What were the effects of the Great Depression on black artists?

Who were some of America's early free black entrepreneurs?

What is the historical role of the barbershop in the African American community? and

What was Black Wall Street?

What does “40 acres and a mule” mean?

What was the Black Arts Movement?

Who were the Harlem Hellfighters?

Who was the first black saint?

Who was called the “Father of Blood Plasma”?

What caused African Americans to lose their fidelity to “the Party of Lincoln”?

What was the impact of Negro Leagues Baseball on American culture?

Blending trivia with historical review in an engaging question-and-answer format, The Handy African American History Answer Book is perfect for browsing and is ideal for history buffs, trivia fans, students and teachers and anyone interested in a better and more thorough understanding of the history of black Americans. With many photos and illustrations this fun, fact-filled tome is richly illustrated. Its helpful bibliography and extensive index add to its usefulness.

Sujets

• Ethnic Studies
• Black Studies
• Civil Rights
• Social Science
• Cultural
• HISTORY
• POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Sociologie, société et politique
• Jim Crow laws
• Questions and answers
• Harlem Renaissance
• African-American history
• Black History Month
• Suffix (name)
• Civil and political rights
• Underground Railroad
• Martin Luther King, Jr.
• African American
• American
• Renaissance de Harlem
• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
• Apollo Theater
• Chemin de fer clandestin
• JR
• Mois de l'histoire des Noirs
• Malcolm X
• Frederick Douglass
• Martin Luther King

Informations

• Publié par: Visible Ink Press
• Date de parution: 01 janvier 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781578594887
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

About the Author

Noted author, scholar, educator, and librarian Jessie Carney Smith is Dean of the Library and William and Camille Cosby Professor in the Humanities at Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee. She is a graduate of North Carolina A&T State University, Michigan State University, and Vanderbilt University, and she holds a Ph.D. from the University of Illinois.
In addition to the first and second editions of Black Firsts, her Visible Ink publications are Black Heroes and, with Linda T. Wynn, Freedom Facts and Firsts: 400 Years of the African American Civil Rights Experience. Other important works that she has written or edited include Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture (3 volumes), Notable Black American Women (Books I, II, and III), Notable Black American Men (Books I and II), Encyclopedia of African American Business (2 volumes), African American Almanac (8th edition), Ethnic Genealogy, and Black Academic Libraries and Research Collections.
Dr. Smith has been honored widely with recognitions such as the National Women’s Book Association Award; the Candace Award for excellence in education; the Anna J. Cooper Award for research on African American women from Sage magazine; the Academic/Research Librarian of the Year Award from the Association of College and Research Libraries; the Distinguished Alumni Award from the University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science; and the Research Career Award from Fisk University.
Also from Visible Ink Press
African American Almanac: 400 Years of Triumph, Courage, and Excellence
by Lean’tin Bracks, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-323-1
Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-breaking and Pioneering Events, 3rd edition
by Jessie Carnie Smith
ISBN: 978-1-57859-369-9
Black Heroes
by Jessie Carnie Smith
ISBN: 978-1-57859-136-7
Freedom Facts and Firsts: 400 Years of the African American Civil Rights Experience
by Jessie Carnie Smith
ISBN: 978-1-57859-192-3
More "Handy Answer" Books!
The Handy American History Answer Book
by David L. Hudson
ISBN: 978-1-57859-471-9
The Handy Civil War Answer Book
by Samuel Willard Crompton
ISBN: 978-1-57859-476-4
The Handy History Answer Book, 3rd edition
by David L Hudson, Jr.
ISBN: 9781578593729
The Handy Religion Answer Book
by John Renard, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-379-8
Please visit www.handyanswers.com for a complete list of "Handy Answer" titles and Visible Ink Press at www.visibleinkpress.com .

THE HANDY AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY ANSWER BOOK
Copyright © 2014 by Visible Ink Press®
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, or website.
All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Visible Ink Press®
43311 Joy Rd., #414
Canton, MI 48187-2075
Visible Ink Press is a registered trademark of Visible Ink Press LLC.
Most Visible Ink Press books are available at special quantity discounts when purchased in bulk by corporations, organizations, or groups. Customized printings, special imprints, messages, and excerpts can be produced to meet your needs. For more information, contact Special Markets Director, Visible Ink Press, www.visibleinkpress.com , or 734-667-3211.
Managing Editor: Kevin S. Hile
Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Typesetting: Marco Di Vita
Proofreaders: Chrystal Rozsa, Sharon Gunton
Indexer: Larry Baker
Cover images: Front cover: Serena William-Shutterstock; Barak Obama-Library of Congress; Civil Rights March (background)-Library of Congress; Tuskegee Airmen-Library of Congress. Back cover: Tuskegee Airmen (U.S. Air Force); Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre (Knight Foundation); Chicago American Giants (Library of Congress); Condoleezza Rice (U.S. government).
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Smith, Jessie Carney, 1930-
Handy African American history answer book /Jessie Carney Smith.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-1-57859-452-8 (pbk.)
1. African Americans-History-Miscellanea. 2. African Americans-Biography-Miscellanea. I. Title.
E185.S5814 2013
973’.0496073-dc23
2013031270
Printed in the United States of America.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
T IMELINE
F OREWORD
UPON AMERICA’S SHORES: BEGINNING THE BLACK EXPERIENCE
Our Cultural Strivings
Business and Economic Development
Organized for Progress
A Political Agenda
Amen, Brother!
Science and Scientific Creativity
A Sports Agenda
ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT
Architecture
Performing Arts
Musicals
Black Dance
Theater
A Cultural Revolution
Radio Shows
Television
Film
Museums
Visual Arts
Cartoonists
Circus
Festivals
BUSINESS AND COMMERCE
Early Development
Black-owned Businesses
Advertising
Automobile Industry
Banking
Consumer Cooperatives
Corporate America
Economic Boycots and Protests
Food and Food Service Industries
Insurance Companies
Labor Unions
Manufacturing
Publishing
Women Entrepreneurs
Real Estate
Retail
Stock Exchange
Transportation
CIVIL RIGHTS AND PROTESTS
Slavery and Anti-Slavery
Slave Revolts
Emancipation
The Civil Rights Movement
Race Riots
African-American Protests of the Post-Civil Rights Movement
The Post Civil-Rights Era
EDUCATION
Education during Slavery
College Foundings
Historically Black Colleges and Universities
College Integration
Law Schools
Other Schools
School Desegregation
Funding Higher Education
College Curricula
Mainstream Academic Institutions
Leadership Training
JOURNALISM
African-American Press
Newspapers
Women and the Early Press
Press Correspondents and Journalists
Periodicals
Photojournalism
Television Newscasters
LITERATURE
Early African-American Poets
Early Black American Prose
Slave Narratives
Literature of the Harlem Renaissance Era
Poets and Poetry
Science Fiction
Literature of the Civil Rights Movement
The Black Aesthetic
The Black Arts Movement
Variety in African-American Writing
Award-winning Writers
African-American Literature in American Culture
MILITARY
From the American Revolution to the Spanish-American War
The Military and Jim Crow
African-American Women in the Military
Nurses in the Military
Medical Officers in the Military
The Military on Black College Campuses
Dissidents and the War Effort
Korea and Vietnam
MUSIC
Music and Slavery
Ragtime Music
Blacks in Country Music
Record Companies
Big Bands and Bandmasters
Classical Music
Gospel Music
Choirs and Other Orchestras
Composers
Racial Segregation and Black Singers
Urban Blues
Pop Music
Soul Music
Music of the Civil Rights Era
Jazz Music and Musicians
Blues
Hip Hop
Reggae
Rhythm and Blues
ORGANIZATIONS
Organizations and Societal Forces
Business and Unions
Civil and Political Rights
Educational Organizations
Fraternal, Social Service, and Religious Organizations
Medical and Dental Associations
Women’s Organizations
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
Early Political Activities
Politics during the Reconstruction
Political Parties and Politics
Law and the Supreme Court
Law Enforcement
The U.S. Congress in Modern Times
State Office Holders
Federal Government
Women and the Political Process
Federal Courts
U.S. Department of Justice
Women in the U.S. Senate
Mayoral Elections
RELIGION
African-American Christians in the Colonial Era
The Founding of the Black Church in America
Black Preachers and Religious Leaders
Evangelists and Evagelism
Racial Segregation and the Black Church
Music and the Black Church
Early Religious Leaders and Civil Rights
The Black Church in the Modern Civil Rights Movement
Popes, Saints, Archbishops, and Nuns
Megachurches in the African-American Community
Black Jews
Pentecostalism in the Black Community
Rastafarianism
Muslims in America
Gender Equality in the Black Church
Women and Righteous Discontent
Toward a Black Theology
SCIENCE, INVENTIONS, MEDICINE, AND AEROSPACE
Science
Inventions and Patents
Black Women Inventors
Medicine
Black Women in Medicine
Aerospace
SPORTS
African-American Sports History
Emergence of the Black Athlete
Sports in the Time of Slavery
Horseracing
Boxing
Baseball
Basketball
Football
Golf
Gymnastics
Tennis
Track and Field and the Olympics
Miscellaneous Sports
R EFERENCES
I NDEX
Photo Credits
3dhardway: p. 242 .
AgnosticPreachersKid: p. 105
anthony turducken: p. 116 .
dbking from Washington, DC: p. 87
Fisk University: p. 341 .
Huber, C. Rudolf: p. 340 .
Infrogmation of New Orleans: p. 63 .
Jean-Luc: p. 225 .
John Morse: p. 295 .
Karenfaye: p. 141 .
Knight Foundation: p. 31
Library of Congress: pp. 19 , 110 , 170 , 343 .
Louis Panassié p. 230 .
MDCarchives: p. 174 .
Michael Rivera: 286 .
Mrssisaithong: p. 55 .
Sanfranman59: p. 8
Shutterstock: pp. 4 , 5 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 57 , 98 , 108 , 124 , 155 , 156 , 182 , 213 , 226 (top and bottom), 227 , 234 , 235 , 269 , 270 , 275 (top and bottom), 280 , 313 , 318 , 346 , 352 , 354 (bottom), 355 , 358 , 361 , 362 , 365 .
TonyTheTiger: p. 140 .
World Economic Forum: p. 59 .
Published in the US before 1923 and public domain in the US: pp. 24 (left side of photo showing Billy Van), 73 .
All other photos are in the public domain.
Timeline Year Event 1526 The first recorded slave revolt in North American occurs, after Spanish explorers bring Africans to what is now South Carolina. 1620 By this time, musical styles and forms of entertainment of the black enslaved begin to take various forms. 1700s Free blacks are involved in the fashion industry, when Stephen Jackson makes hats