It's been ten years since open data first broke onto the global stage. Over the past decade, thousands of programmes and projects around the world have worked to open data and use it to address a myriad of social and economic challenges. Meanwhile, issues related to data rights and privacy have moved to the centre of public and political discourse. As the open data movement enters a new phase in its evolution, shifting to target real-world problems and embed open data thinking into other existing or emerging communities of practice, big questions still remain. How will open data initiatives respond to new concerns about privacy, inclusion, and artificial intelligence? And what can we learn from the last decade in order to deliver impact where it is most needed? The State of Open Data brings together over 60 authors from around the world to address these questions and to take stock of the real progress made to date across sectors and around the world, uncovering the issues that will shape the future of open data in the years to come.
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Extrait
The State of Open Data Histories and Horizons
Edited by Tim Davies, Stephen B. Walker, Mor Rubinstein, and Fernando Perini
The State of Open Data H i s t o r i e s a n d H o r i z o n s
The State of Open Data
H i s t o r i e s a n d H o r i z o n s
African Minds Cape Town
Internaîonal Development Research Centre Oawa • Amman • Montevîdeo • Naîrobî • New Delhî
Open Data for Development (OD4D) Network
HOW TO CITE THIS VOLUME
Davies, T., Walker, S., Rubinstein, M., & Perini, F. (Eds.). (2019).The State of Open Data: Hîstorîes and Horîzons. Cape Town and Ottawa: African Minds and International Development Research Centre.
First published in 2019 by African Minds and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC).
African Minds 4 Eccleston Place Somerset West, 7130 Cape Town, South Africa www.africanminds.org.za
A copublication with International Development Research Centre PO Box 8500, Ottawa, ON, K1G 3H9, Canada www.idrc.ca / info@idrc.ca
The research presented in this publication was carried out with the aid of the Open Data for Development (OD4D) Network and a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of IDRC or its Board of Governors.
SECTION 1: OPEN DATA SECTORS AND COMMUNITIES ïnroducîon Chaper 1. Accounaîîy and anî-corrupîon Jorge Florez and Johannes Tonn Chaper 2. Agrîcuure Ruhîe Musker, Ben Schaap, Marîn Parr, and André Laperrîere Chaper 3. Corporae ownershîp Jack Lord Chaper 4. Crîme and jusîce Sandra Elena Chaper 5. Deveopmen assîsance and humanîarîan acîon Caherîne Weaver, Josh Powell, and Heaher Leson Chaper 6. Educaîon Javîera Aenas and Leo Havemann Chaper 7. Envîronmen Selwyn Wîlloughby Chaper 8. Exracîves Anders Pedersen Chaper 9. Geospaîa Renée Sîeber Chaper 10. Governmen Inances Cécîle Le Guen Chaper 11. Heah Mark ïrura Chaper 12. and ownershîp Tîm Davîes and Sumandro Chaapadhyay Chaper 13. Naîona saîsîcs Shaîda Badîee, Caleb Rudow, and Erîc SwansonChaper 14. Teecommunîcaîons Sephen Song Chaper 15. Transpor Pîeer Colpaer and Julîán Andrés Rojas Meléndez Chaper 16. Uran deveopmen Jean-Noé Landry
vîîî x xî
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The State of Open Data
SECTION 2: ISSUES IN OPEN DATA ïnroducîon Chaper 17. Agorîhms and arîIcîa îneîgence Tîm Davîes Chaper 18. Daa înrasrucure Leîgh Dodds and Peer WellsChaper 19. Daa îeracy Marîel Garcîa Mones and Dîrk SlaerChaper 20. Gender equîy Ana Brandusescu and Nnenna Nwakanma Chaper 21. ïndîgenous daa sovereîgny Sephanîe Carroll Raînîe, Tahu Kukuaî, Maggîe Waler, Oscar Luîs Fîgueroa-Rodríguez, Jennîer Walker, and Per Axelsson Chaper 22. Measuremen Danny Lämmerhîr and Ana Brandusescu Chaper 23. Prîvacy Teresa Scassa
SECTION 3: OPEN DATA STAKEHOLDERS ïnroducîon Chaper 24. Cîvî socîey Chrîsopher Wîlson Chaper 25. Donors and învesors Fernando Perînî and Mîchael Jarvîs Chaper 26. Governmens Barbara-Chîara Ubaldî Chaper 27. Journaîss and he medîa Alex Howard and Eva Consanaras Chaper 28. Muîaera organîsaîons Craîg Hammer Chaper 29. Prîvae secor Joel Gurîn, Carla Bonîna, and Seaan Verhuls Chaper 30. Researchers Françoîs van Schalkwyk
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SECTION 4: OPEN DATA AROUND THE WORLD ïnroducîon Chaper 31. Easern Europe and Cenra Asîa Lejla Sadîku and Yaera Chung Chaper 32. European Unîon Ruus Pollock and Danny Lämmerhîr Chaper 33. aîn Amerîca and he Carîean Sîlvana Fumega and Maurîce McNaughon Chaper 34. Mîdde Eas and Norh Arîca Nagla Rîzk, Nancy Salem, and Seanîe Felsberger Chaper 35. Norh Amerîca, Ausraîa, and New Zeaand Davîd Eaves, Ben McGuîre, and Audrey Carson Chaper 36. Souh, Eas, and Souheas Asîa Mîchael Canares Chaper 37. Su-Saharan Arîca Leonîda Muuku and Teg-wende ïdrîss (Tîno)
Concusîon and recommendaîons
The State of Open Data
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The State of Open Data
Acknowedgements
The edîors woud îke o hank he ïnernaîona Deveopmen Research Cenre (ïDRC) or îs suppor o he Sae o Open Daa projec rom începîon o concusîon, wîhou whîch hîs puîcaîon woud no have een possîe. We wîsh o aso acknowedge he ongoîng efors o he Open Daa or Deveopmen (OD4D) nework o hep creae open daa ecosysems around he word în order o spur socîa change, încrease governmen ransparency, suppor he Susaînae Deveopmen Goas (SDGs), and or îs ongoîng commîmen o promoîng and undersandîng he împac o open daa, resuîng în he puîcaîon o hîs voume. OD4D has receîved suppor rom ïDRC, he Word Bank, he Unîed Kîngdom’s Deparmen or ïnernaîona Deveopmen (DFïD), he Wîîam and Fora Hewe Foundaîon, and Goa Afaîrs Canada. The Sae o Open Daa projec îs he resu o a coaoraîon, drawîng on înpu rom over 200 îndîvîduas. Auhors have eneIed rom îndependen revîews y memers o he Edîorîa Board and învîed revîewers, as we as he înpu o many more conrîuors durîng he eary onîne “Envîronmen Scan” sage o he projec. We have endeavoured o credî a non-anonymous conrîuîons, u know here wî have een înpu and suggesîons ofered a workshops or în conversaîons ha are no recorded eow. ï you were a conrîuor o he Sae o Open Daa projec în any way, we hank you. The Sae o Open Daa projec owes îs greaes de o a o he auhors who have come ogeher o conrîue chapers o hîs voume, rîngîng o he projec an unprecedened eve o experîse and knowedge, as we as a dîversîy o învauae experîence. We have încuded more specîIc înormaîon on every auhor în each chaper. We woud îke o recognîse and hank a he memers o The Sae o Open Daa’s dedîcaed Edîorîa Board, our exremey knowedgeae eam o peer revîewers, and a hose who have provîded addîîona assîsance o he auhors hrough heîr conrîuîon o he envîronmena scans or o he deveopmen o he chapers în hîs voume.