Selling War

Description

This book is the first collection of essays to explore the changing relationships between war, media, and the public from a multidisciplinary perspective and over an extended historical period. It is also the first textbook for students in this field, discussing a wide range of theoretical concepts and methodological tools for analyzing the nature of these relationships. Shedding new light on conflicts spanning from World War I through the so-called War on Terror, the contributors explore the roles of traditional media, war blogs, and eyewitness reporting; of war correspondents and embedded journalism; and of propaganda, wartime public relations, and information warfare.

Preface: Perspectives on the Changing Role of the Mass Media in Hostile Confl icts – Matthias Karmasin, Gabriele Melischek, Josef Seethaler, Romy Wöhlert

Introduction: Delivering War to the Public: Shaping the Public Sphere – Philip Seib

PART I: ‘Never Such Innocence Again’: Propaganda and Total War

War and the Public Sphere: European Examples from the Seven Years’ War to the World War I – Reinhard Stauber

Discourses of War – Diego Lazzarich

Between Indifference and News Hunger: Media Eff ects and the Public Sphere in Nazi Germany during Wartime – Jürgen Wilke

Perception of Newspapers and Magazines in Field Post Correspondence during the World War II – Clemens Schwender

PART II: Visual Turn, War PR and the Changing Relationships between Politics, Media and the Public Sphere

Between Reporting and Propaganda: Power, Culture and War Reporting – Daniel C. Hallin

Just Wars and Persuasive Communication: Analyzing Public Relations in Military Conflicts – Magnus-Sebastian Kutz

An Iconography of Pity and a Rhetoric of Compassion: War and Humanitarian Crises in the Prism of American and French Newsmagazines (1967–95) – Valérie Gorin

Women, the Media and War: The Representation of Women in German Broadsheets between 1980 and 2000 – Romy Fröhlich

‘Something Has Changed’: International Relations and the Media after the ‘Cold War’ – Josef Seethaler and Gabriele Melischek

Surging Beyond Realism: How the US Media Promote War Again and Again – Robert M. Entman

PART III: Globalization and the ‘Postmodern’ War of Images

The Coverage of Terrorism and the Iraq War in the ‘Issue-Attention Cycle’ – Stephan Russ-Mohl

The Media and Humanitarian Intervention – Philip Hammond

Shifting Frames in a Deadlocked Conflict? News Coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict – Nel Ruigrok, Wouter van Atteveldt and Janet Takens

Public Discourse on the Georgian War in Russia and the EU: A Content Analysis of the Coverage in Traditional Print Media and Emerging Online Media – Cordula Nitsch and Dennis Lichtenstein

Limitations of Journalism in War Situations: A Case Study from Georgia – Roman Hummel

Mass-Mediated Debate  about Torture in Post-9/11 America – Brigitte L. Nacos

Sujets

• Energie & environnement
• Première Guerre mondiale
• Hollywood
• Internet
• General
• Engineering
• History of film
• Journalism
• Media studies
• Nazi Germany
• Technology
• 20th century
• Israeli?Palestinian conflict
• General officer
• World War I
• Iraq War
• Sciences et techniques
• POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Public Policy
• Power Resources
• Digital Media

Informations

• Publié par: Intellect Books
• Date de parution: 28 janvier 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781841507835
• Langue: English

Extrait

European Communication Research and Education Association (ECREA)
This series consists of books arising from the intellectual work of ECREA members. Books address themes relevant to the ECREA's interests; make a major contribution to the theory, research, practice and/or policy literature; are European in scope; and represent a diversity of perspectives. Book proposals are refereed.
Series Editors
Nico Carpentier
François Heinderyckx
Series Advisory Board
Denis McQuail
Robert Picard
Jan Servaes
The aims of the ECREA are
 
a) To provide a forum where researchers and others involved in communication and information research can meet and exchange information and documentation about their work. Its disciplinary focus will include media, (tele)communications and informatics research, including relevant approaches of human and social sciences;
b) To encourage the development of research and systematic study, especially on subjects and areas where such work is not well developed;
c) To stimulate academic and intellectual interest in media and communication research, and to promote communication and cooperation between members of the Association;
d) To co-ordinate the circulation of information on communications research in Europe, with a view to establishing a database of ongoing research;
e) To encourage, support and, where possible, publish the work of young researchers in Europe;
f) To take into account the desirability of different languages and cultures in Europe;
g) To develop links with relevant national and international communication organizations and with professional communication researchers working for commercial organizations and regulatory institutions, both public and private;
h) To promote the interests of communication research within and among the Member States of the Council of Europe and the European Union;
i) To collect and disseminate information concerning the professional position of communication researchers in the European region; and
j) To develop, improve and promote communication and media education.

First published in the UK in 2013 by
Intellect, The Mill, Parnall Road, Fishponds, Bristol, BS16 3JG, UK
First published in the USA in 2013 by
Intellect, The University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th Street,
Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Copyright © 2013 Intellect Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover designer: Edwin Fox
Copy-editor: MPS Technologies
Production manager: Tim Mitchell
Typesetting: Planman Technologies
ISBN 978-1-84150-610-4
eISBN 978-1-84150-783-5
ECREA Series ISSN: 1753-0342
Printed and bound by Hobbs, UK
Contents
Preface: Perspectives on the Changing Role of the Mass Media in Hostile Conflicts
Matthias Karmasin, Gabriele Melischek, Josef Seethaler, Romy Wöhlert
Introduction: Delivering War to the Public: Shaping the Public Sphere
Philip Seib
PART I: 'Never Such Innocence Again': Propaganda and Total War
War and the Public Sphere: European Examples from the Seven Years' War to the World War I
Reinhard Stauber
Discourses of War
Diego Lazzarich
Between Indifference and News Hunger: Media Eff ects and the Public Sphere in Nazi Germany during Wartime
Jürgen Wilke
Perception of Newspapers and Magazines in Field Post Correspondence during the World War II
Clemens Schwender
PART II: Visual Turn, War PR and the Changing Relationships between Politics, Media and the Public Sphere
Between Reporting and Propaganda: Power, Culture and War Reporting
Daniel C. Hallin
Just Wars and Persuasive Communication: Analyzing Public Relations in Military Conflicts
Magnus-Sebastian Kutz
An Iconography of Pity and a Rhetoric of Compassion: War and Humanitarian Crises in the Prism of American and French Newsmagazines (1967–95)
Valérie Gorin
Women, the Media and War: The Representation of Women in German Broadsheets between 1980 and 2000
Romy Fröhlich
‘Something Has Changed’: International Relations and the Media after the ‘Cold War’
Josef Seethaler and Gabriele Melischek
Surging Beyond Realism: How the US Media Promote War Again and Again
Robert M. Entman
PART III: Globalization and the ‘Postmodern’ War of Images
The Coverage of Terrorism and the Iraq War in the ‘Issue-Attention Cycle’
Stephan Russ-Mohl
The Media and Humanitarian Intervention
Philip Hammond
Shifting Frames in a Deadlocked Conflict? News Coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Nel Ruigrok, Wouter van Atteveldt and Janet Takens
Public Discourse on the Georgian War in Russia and the EU: A Content Analysis of the Coverage in Traditional Print Media and Emerging Online Media
Cordula Nitsch and Dennis Lichtenstein
Limitations of Journalism in War Situations: A Case Study from Georgia
Roman Hummel
Mass-Mediated Debate about Torture in Post-9/11 America
Brigitte L. Nacos
Authors
Index
Preface
Perspectives on the Changing Role of the Mass Media in Hostile Conflicts
Matthias Karmasin, Gabriele Melischek, Josef Seethaler and Romy Wöhlert
War and communication appear to be essential and universal features of the conditio humana . It may be cynical to claim that war is communication, but from an anthropological viewpoint, violence can be seen as being a specific form of communication. From a historical perspective, it is evident that communication has often led and still leads to war. The culture of war is indeed shaped by communication – from the written and nonwritten rituals of mutual respect and disrespect to the definition of legitimate violence and the cunning manipulation of this definition and to the attempts to restrain the damage that conflicting parties inflict on each other.
It is obvious that the mass media have dramatically changed the nature of communication in society in general. Since the emergence of the mass press in the late nineteenth century, almost all forms of social, political and economic life have been shaped and reshaped by the media, replacing other social institutions such as the family, school and the church as providers of information and moral orientation. This seems to be true for war as well. War has always been one of the favorite subjects of the mass media. Fear and hatred, the feeling of security as well as political mobilization have depended on and still depend on perceptions of reality. Developing technologies and evolving information environments have, however, provoked substantive changes in the role of the media in mediating wars, and thus in shaping these perceptions of reality.
In this book, we want to reconstruct these developments following the thesis that there is a duality between the changes in warfare and the (technical) possibilities of communicating these events. War has been an important factor in the evolution of new forms of social communication, and at the same time new means of communication have altered the relationship between war and the mass media. In the end, it is not only a technical but also a social and cultural process.
This book is the first to bring together international scholarship to explore the changing relationships between war, the media and the public both from multidisciplinary perspectives and over a lengthier time period, beginning with World War I and concluding with the so-called ‘War on Terror’. In discussing a wide variety of theoretical concepts and methodological tools for analyzing the nature of these relationships and in presenting a broad range of research results, this book will make an important contribution to scholarly debates on the role of the mass media in modern warfare. These approaches address broad areas of research, from the role of traditional media to blogs, warlogs and eyewitness journalism, from war correspondence to embedded journalism, from propaganda to war PR and information warfare. Moreover, various aspects of the media economy and media ethics, as well as cultural studies approaches, are integrated into the discussion.
By combining rigor and accessibility, this book also aims at introducing students to this innovative area of research. As a textbook for students, each chapter provides a brief introductory summary, a list of key points brought up in the text, study questions that can be used for discussions or as topics for essays and as a guide to further readings on the subject (including web links, if available).
Introduction
The book starts with a thorough overview by Philip Seib of war, the media and the public sphere. His chapter explores how the perception of war in the public sphere is influenced by the media and, more precisely, how the news media define and perform their social function in relation to war. It points to the fact that it is not only the way in which journalists deliver news about war to the public that affects how people think about war. Information and its impact on the public are also influenced, to a varying extent, by the medium that conveys the message. The impact of newspaper articles differs from that of a live television report from the battlefield, which in turn differs from an amateur’s YouTube video, not just in terms of production but also in terms of access and consumption. Obviously, changes in the media environment and its technologies affect the nature of news journalism, the role of professional communication and the way media messages are perceived by the public.
‘Never Such Innocence Again’: Propaganda and Total War
Changes can be reflected on most accurately when they are contrasted with historical developments. This seems to be true for William Howard Russell, who covered the Crimean War (1854–56) for The Times and was the first ‘war correspondent’ in the modern sense of the term. This applies to the pictu