Delivering Services in Multicultural Societies

Alexandre Marc

Description

Over the last two decades the world has witnessed an important transformation of the concept of citizenship and social integration, increasingly recognizing that cultural and ethnic diversity need to be considered when designing and implementing social policies. The increasing cultural diversity of societies, along with the important role culture plays in forming identities in these societies, creates major challenges for national and local governments in ensuring social cohesion and social inclusion.
'Delivering Services in Multicultural Societies' reviews recent approaches to recognizing cultural diversity when delivering basic services. It first discusses how supporting cultural diversity can help achieve social inclusion and social cohesion. It then considers the debate over multiculturalism from various perspectives and discusses the risks and benefits of policies that support cultural diversity. Also examined are policies and programs that support cultural diversity in the delivery of basic services, such as education, health care, customary law, traditional governance systems, and cultural services. For each of these services the author reviews main challenges and describes best practices. Finally, the book offers a synthesis of what has been learned about taking cultural diversity into account in service delivery.

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 23 novembre 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 16
• EAN13: 9780821380840
• Langue: English

Extrait

NEW FRONTIERS OF SOCIAL POLICY
DELIVERING SERVICES IN
MULTICULTURAL SOCIETIES
Alexandre MarcDELIVERING SERVICES IN
MULTICULTURAL SOCIETIESNEW FRONTIERS OF SOCIAL POLICY
DELIVERING SERVICES
IN MULTICULTURAL
SOCIETIES
Alexandre Marc© 2010 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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Washington DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
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All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 12 11 10 09
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8049-9
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8084-0
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8049-9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Marc, Alexandre, 1956–
Delivering services in multicultural societies / Alexandre Marc.
p. cm.
—(New frontiers of social policy)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8213-8049-9—ISBN 978-0-8213-8084-0 (electronic)
1. Minorities—Services for. 2. Minorities—Social conditions. 3. Multiculturalism. I.
Title.
HV3176.M36 2009
362.84— dc22
2009035883
Cover photo: Tran Thi Hoa, The World Bank
Cover design: Naylor DesignNEW FRONTIERS OF SOCIAL POLICY
In many developing countries, the mixed record of state effectiveness,
market imperfections, and persistent structural inequities has undermined
the effectiveness of social policy. To overcome these constraints, social
policy needs to move beyond conventional social service approaches to-
ward development’s goals of equitable opportunity and social justice.
This series has been created to promote debate among the development
community, policy makers, and academia, and to broaden understanding
of social policy challenges in developing country contexts.
The books in the series are linked to the World Bank’s Social Devel-
opment Strategy. The strategy is aimed at empowering people by trans-
forming institutions to make them more inclusive, responsive, and ac-
countable. This involves the transformation of subjects and benef ciaries
into citizens with rights and responsibilities. Themes in this series include
equity and development, assets and livelihoods, citizenship and rights-
based social policy, and the social dimensions of infrastructure and cli-
mate change.
Titles in the series:
• Assets, Livelihoods, and Social Policy
• Building Equality and Opportunity through Social Guarantees: New
Approaches to Public Policy and the Realization of Rights
• Delivering Services in Multicultural Societies
• Inclusive States: Social Policy and Structural Inequalities
• Institutional Pathways to Equity: Addressing Inequality Traps
• Social Dimensions of Climate Change: Equity and Vulnerability in a
Warming World
vCONTENTS
Acknowledgments xi
About the Author xiii
Abbreviations xv
Chapter 1: Introduction: Culture and Services 1
Background and Def nitions 1
Purpose and Organization 4
Chapter 2: Cultural Diversity and Public Policy 7
Migrations, Minorities, and the Demand for Cultural Recognition 8
A Growing International Recognition of Cultural Rights 12
A New Paradigm: The Concept of Multicultural Citizenship 14
Managing Cultural Diversity through Public Policy 18
Signif cance of Cultural Diversity in Making Public Policy for
Development and Poverty Reduction 22
The Risks of Taking Culture into Account in Developing Public Policy 26
Chapter 3: Cultural Diversity and Service Delivery 31
Education 31
Health Care 40
Cultural Services 46
Delivering Services through Traditional Local Governance Systems 49
viiviii • DELIVERING SERVICES IN MULTICULTURAL SOCIETIES
Chapter 4: Designing and Implementing Policies That Support
Cultural Diversity in Service Delivery 57
A Conceptual Framework to Guide Policies 58
No Universal Solutions 60
Understanding Political Motivations 60
Integrated and Multisectoral Approaches 62
Establishing National Frameworks for Managing Cultural Diversity 64
Establishing Clarity in Decentralization Frameworks 65
Involvement of Concerned Sociocultural Groups 66
Balance between Citizens’ Rights and Cultural Rights 67
Socioeconomic Conditions 69
Cost of Multicultural Programs 70
Long-Term Investments and Strategies 71
Evaluation 72
Chapter 5: Adapting Services to a Diverse Society 75
Appendix: What Is Cultural Identity? 79
Bibliography 83
Index 91
Boxes
1.1 Def nitions 2
2.1 Minority Group Designations and Def nitions 10
2.2 UN Recognition of Ethnic and Racial Rights 13
2.3 Agency: A Def nition 17
2.4 Dominant Minorities 23
3.1 Success of Multicultural Education Reform in
Papua New Guinea 32
3.2 Maori Immersion Education and Education Outcomes 34
3.3 Institutionalized Discrimination: Segregated Schooling
for the Roma 36
3.4 Social Inclusion and Preschool in Albania and Kosovo 38
3.5 Considerations in Bilingual Education 40
3.6 Roma Health Mediators in Roma Communities 42