Developing Post-Primary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa

Alain Mingat

Description

Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have made substantial progress in universalizing primary school completion. Many young Africans are completing primary schooling, and many more will do so in the coming years. The pressure-already strong-to expand secondary and tertiary education is expected to intensify. Finding a sustainable path for such expansion is a challenge for all countries in the region.
Given the diversity across African countries, 'Developing Post-Primary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing the Financial Sustainability of Alternative Pathways' offers no generic policy fix. Rather, it seeks to provide policy makers and their development partners with an analytical tool to inform discussion and debate about alternative options in light of country circumstances. It presents simulation scenarios that serve an illustrative function to draw attention to the implications of such options as raising the share of education in the national budget, reforming the service delivery arrangements to manage costs, diversifying the student flow beyond lower secondary education, and enlarging the role of private funding, particularly in post-primary education. The study captures the nature of the policy choices by presenting alternative packages of policies and using them to clarify the affordability of what the authors characterize as spartan and generous choices. One of the study's most valuable contributions is the flexibility of the simulation model, which can be used to adapt the package of policies to national contexts.
'Developing Post-Primary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing the Financial Sustainability of Alternative Pathways', which contains detailed annexes with results for 33 low-income countries, will be of interest to national education policy makers and development partners, as well as education researchers and education consultants.

Sujets

• Secondary education
• Education For All
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• Basic education
• Higher education
• Comparative education
• Éducation

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 09 avril 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 20
• EAN13: 9780821382363
• Langue: English

Extrait

AFRICA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SERIES
Developing Post-Primary
Education in Sub-Saharan Africa
Assessing the Financial Sustainability
of Alternative Pathways
Alain Mingat, Blandine Ledoux, and
Ramahatra Rakotomalala
THE WORLD BANKDeveloping
Post-Primary
Education in
Sub-Saharan
Africa
ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
OF ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS
AFRICA HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT SERIESDeveloping
Post-Primary
Education in
Sub-Saharan
Africa
ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
OF ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS
AFRICA HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT SERIES
Alain Mingat, Blandine Ledoux,
and Ramahatra Rakotomalala
Note: The analysis and conclusions presented in this document are those of the authors alone.
They do not necessarily reflect the official position of the AFD or its partner institutions or that of the
World Bank, its affiliated organizations, and the members of its Board of Executive Directors and the
countries they represent. Any errors are the sole responsibility of the authors.© 2010 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
E-mail: [e-mail]
All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 13 12 11 10
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Devel-
opment / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this
volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or
the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The
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All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to
the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433,
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8183-0
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8236-3
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8183-0
Cover photo: Ramahatra Rakotomalala
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Developing post-primary education in Sub-Saharan Africa: assessing the financial
sustainability of alternative pathways.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Education, Secondary—Economic aspects—Africa, Sub-Saharan. 2. Education,
Secondary—Africa, Sub-Saharan—Finance . 3. Sustainable development—Africa,
Sub- Saharan.
LC67.58.A357D48 2010
373.67—dc22 2009052116Table of Contents
Foreword ix
Acknowledgments xiii
Abbreviations xv
Executive Summary xvii
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
Notes 2
CHAPTER 2. THE POLICY CONTEXT 3
CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY AND DATA 7
Notes 8
CHAPTER 4. THE PRESSURE OF RISING ENROLLMENT 9
Enrollment Growth in Primary Education 11
Impact of Primary School Completion on Lower Secondary Education 12
Notes 15
CHAPTER 5. COVERAGE OF POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION 17
Simulation Assumptions in Student Flow Management 18
Choosing Options for Student Flow Management 20
Projected Enrollment in 2020 under Alternative Options for
Student Flow Management 21
Notes 23
vvi Table of Contents
CHAPTER 6. THE QUALITY AND REACH OF EDUCATIONAL
SERVICES AND RELATED UNIT COSTS 25
Current Patterns of Per-Student Public Spending by
Level of Education 25
Comparative Perspectives on Cost Drivers in Secondary
Education 27
Benchmarks for Cost Drivers in Secondary Education 30
Cost Assumptions for Technical and Vocational Education
and Training 34
Cost Assumptions for Higher Education 35
Treatment of Capital Costs in the Model 36
Making the Indicative Framework More Flexible 37
Notes 41
CHAPTER 7. EVALUATING THE FINANCING GAP 45
Benchmarks Affecting Volume of Government Resources
for Education 45
Benchmarks for the Public-Private Division of Responsibility
for Education 46
Notes 49
CHAPTER 8. SIMULATION RESULTS 51
A Recapitulation of the Key Assumptions 52
Simulations of Aggregate Costs and Funding Gaps
in 2020 53
Diversity Across the Sample of 33 SSA Countries 58
Notes 60
CHAPTER 9. CONCLUSIONS 61
APPENDIX A. RELATION BETWEEN TEACHER SALARIES
AND COUNTRY INCOME LEVEL 65
APPENDIX B. BASIC DATA FOR 33 SSA COUNTRIES 67
APPENDIX C. SCHEMATIC SUMMARY OF SCENARIOS 81
APPENDIX D. AGGREGATE SIMULATION RESULTS 85
APPENDIX E. SIMULATION RESULTS BY COUNTRY 91Table of Contents vii
REFERENCES 191
INDEX 193
TABLES
4.1 Educational Coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa by
Level of Education, Circa 2005 10
4.2 Primary School Completion Rates and Number of Pupils
Completing the Cycle, Circa 2005 and Projected in 2020 11
4.3 Potential Growth in Lower Secondary
Enrollments by Country 12
4.4 Potential Logistic Difficulties for Countries to
Achieve Two Lower Secondary Education Coverage
Goals by 2020 14
5.1 Simulation Results: Student Enrollments by Level of
Education in 2020 for 33 Low-Income SSA Countries 22
6.1 Public Spending per Student by Level of Education,
Sub-Saharan Africa and Other Country Groups, Circa 2005 26
6.2 Characteristics and Costs of School Organization in
Secondary Education 28
6.3 Comparison of Coverage and Organization of Secondary
Education, Sub-Saharan Africa and Other Country Groups,
Circa 2005 29
6.4 Indicative Framework for the Organization of Services
in Secondary Education 31
6.5 Indicative Framew
in TVET and Tertiary Education 36
8.1 Aggregate Annual Public Spending on Education and
Financing Gap in 2020 for 33 Low-Income SSA Countries 54
B.1 Quantitative Coverage of Education and Growth
in Primary School Leavers 68
B.2 Potential Growth in Lower Secondary Enrollment
by Country 70
B.3 School Organization in Lower Secondary
Education, Circa 2005 72
B.4 School Organization in Upper Secondary 005 74
B.5 School Organization in Primary and
Tertiary Education, Circa 2005 76
B.6 Population Growth Rates Used in Simulations 78
C.1 Options in Simulation Model for Coverage,
Level of Per-Student Spending, and Share of Private
Financing in 2020 82
D.1 Student Enrollment by Level of Education in 2020 for
33 Low-Income SSA Countries, Assuming 0% Real Growth
of GDP per Capita per Year 86viii Table of Contents
D.2 Student Enrollment by Level of Education
in 2020 for 33 Low-Income SSA Countries, Assuming 4%
Real Growth of GDP per Capita per Year 87
D.3 Aggregate Annual Public Spending on Education
and Financing Gap in 2020 for 33 SSA Countries, Assuming 0%
Real Groear 88
D.4 Aggregate Annual Public Spending on Education 2020 for 33 SSA Countries, Assuming 4%
Real Growth of GDP per Capita per Year 89