Governance Reform Under Real-World Conditions

Description

Although necessary and often first rate, technocratic solutions alone have been ineffective in delivering real change or lasting results in governance reforms. This is primarily because reform programs are delivered no in controlled environments, but under complex, diverse, sociopolitical and economic conditions. Real-world conditions.
In political societies, ownership of reform programs by the entire country cannot be assumed, public opinion will not necessarily be benign, and coalitions of support may be scare or nonexistent, even when intended reforms really will benefit those who need them most.
While the development community has the technical tools to address governance challenges, experience shows that technical solutions are often insufficient. Difficulties arise when attempts are made to apply what are often excellent technical solutions. Human beings--either acting alone or in groups small and large--are not as amenable as are pure numbers, and they cannot be ignored. In the real world, reforms will not succeed, and they will certainly not be sustained, without the correct alignment of citizens, stakeholders, and voice.
'Governance Reform under Real-World Conditions: Citizens, Stakeholders, and Voice' is a contribution to efforts to improve governance systems around the world, particularly in developing countries. The contributors, who are academics and development practitioners, provide a range of theoretical frameworks and innovative approaches and techniques for dealing with the most important nontechnical or adaptive challenges that impede the success and sustainability of reform efforts.
The editors and contributors hope that this book will be a useful guider for governments, think tanks, civil society organizations, and development agencies working to improve the ways in which governance reforms are implemented around the world.

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 13 juin 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 22
• EAN13: 9780821374573
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

GOVERNANCE
REFORM
UNDER REAL-WORLD CONDITIONS
Citizens, Stakeholders, and Voice
SINA ODUGBEMI AND THOMAS JACOBSON, EditorsGOVERNANCE
REFORM
UNDER REAL-WORLD CONDITIONSGOVERNANCE
REFORM
UNDER REAL-WORLD CONDITIONS
Citizens, Stakeholders, and Voice
SINA ODUGBEMI
AND
THOMAS JACOBSON
Editors© 2008 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
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All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 11 10 09 08
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development / The World Bank. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed
in this volume do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of The
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-7456-6
eISBN: 978-0-8213-7457-3
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7456-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data
Governance reform under real-world conditions: citizens, stakeholders, and voice / edited
by Sina Odugbemi and Thomas Jacobson.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-8213-7456-6
1. Public administration—Case studies. I. Odugbemi, Sina. II. Jacobson, Thomas L.,
1952–
JF1351.G6825 2008
352.3'67—dc22
2008000596
Cover design: Naylor Design, Washington, D.C.
Cover photo: Johannesburg, South Africa: Juda Ngwenya/Reuters/Corbis.Contents
About the Editors and Authors xi
Acknowledgments xvii
Abbreviations xix
1 Governance Reform under Real-World
Conditions 1
Part I Using P olitical Analysis to
Guide Communication Strategies 13
2 Public Opinion, the Public Spher e, and
Quality of Governance: An Exploration 15
Sina Odugbemi
3 Citizen V oice and the Public Sphere:
Scoping Communication Challenges 39
Thomas Jacobson and Antonio G. Lambino II
4 Dialogues as C ommunication Strategy in
Governance Reform 65
J. P. Singh
5 The P olitical Economy of Reform:
Role of the Internal “Journalist” 75
Sumir Lal
vvi Contents
Part II Securing Political Will 93
6 Cr eating Space for Effective Political
Engagement in Development 95
Matthew Andrews
7 Using Public Will to Secure Political Will 113
Lori Ann Post, Charles T. Salmon, and Amber N. W. Raile
8 Or ganizing a Deliberative Participatory Process:
What Does the Science Say? 125
Thomas Webler and Seth Tuler
Part III Gaining the Support of Public
Sector Middle Managers 161
9 Go vernance, Stakeholder Involvement,
and New Communication Models 163
Stanley Deetz and Lisa Irvin
10 Public Sector Middle Managers: The Critical
Link to Driving Public Sector Reforms 181
Peter Malinga
11 W orking Appreciatively to Foster Cultures
of Public Service 195
J. Kevin Barge
Part IV Buil ding Broad Coalitions of
Pro-Change Infl uentials 207
12 P articipation as Dialogue, Debate, and
Negotiation: Entangled Promises and
Practices 209
John Forester
13 A Consensus-Based, Stakeholder-Driven, and
Decentralized Approach to Building Broad
Coalitions for Water Sector Reforms 219
George O. Krhoda
14 Building Pro-Change Multisectoral Coalitions
to Overcome the Resistance of Powerful
Vested Interests 233
Robert de Quelen Contents vii
Part V T ransforming Indifferent or Hostile
Public Opinion 249
15 Journalistic Framing and Media Relations
for Marginalized Groups 251
Karen S. Johnson-Cartee
16 Transforming Adverse Public Opinion
into Support for Reforms 265
Rey Anthony G. David, Jr.
17 Six Big Ideas: ICT as a Vital Tool for Reform 271
Phil Noble
Part VI Instigating Citizen Demand for
Good Governance 275
18 Consulting the Public—Thoughtfully 277
James S. Fishkin
19 The Power of Organized Citizens: Fighting
for Public Integrity 287
David Cohen
20 Cultiv ating Deliberative Development:
Public Deliberation as a Means of Improving
Local, State, and Federal Governance 303John Gastil
21 Kno wledge for Policy Making: Some
Questions and Caveats 317
David E. Apter
Case Studies 331
1 P articipation, Transparency, and Consensus
Building in Support of Public Sector Reform:
The Case of Nicaragua 333
Michele Bruni
2 C ommunication, Coalition Building, and
Development: Public Enterprise Reform
in West Bengal and Orissa States, India 355S. J. Masty
3 Slovakia: Public Opinion and Reform 391viii Contents
4 Buil ding Support for the Rule of Law
in Georgia 397
José-Manuel Bassat
5 T ax Reform and Communication in Bulgaria:
Getting It Right 413
6 Political Economy of Reforms: Learning
from the Delhi Water Sector Experience 419
Avjeet Singh
7 Mobilizing Middle Managers While Keeping
Opponents at Bay: Implementing the
Philippine Procurement Law 431Cecilia Cabañero-Verzosa
8 “ We Didn’t Know People Like Me Could Ask
Questions Like This”: A Dialogue in Bangladesh 449
David Prosser
9 Public Consultation through Deliberation
in China: The First Chinese Deliberative Poll 461
James S. Fishkin, Baogang He, and Alice Siu
Appendix 477
Approaches and Techniques 479
Index 503Fold-Out Poster
The Grounding Path of Governance Reform Contents ix
Boxes
14.1. EDSA II, the “Coup d’Text” 241
CS3.1. Communicating Diffi cult Reforms: Eight Lessons
from Slovakia
by Jeremy Rosner 395
Figures
2.1. The National Democratic Public Sphere 30
3.1. The Public Sphere as an Intermediary System 45
3.2. The Pe: Inputs and Outputs 46
3.3. Three Phases of Political Analysis for Generating
Communication Challenges 49
3.4. Comprehensive View of a Reform Initiative Arising
from Political Analyses toward Generating
Co60
4.1. Dysfunctional States and Societal Demands 71
4.2. Dysfunces with Dialogic Communication 72
6.1. Basic Ideas in the “Reform Space” Model 100
6.2. A Stylized Presentation of Varying Reform Conditions
across Reform Stages 101
6.3. What Politicians Can Do to Facilitate Reform Space 105
6.4. Eff ective Political Engagement in Networks, Not
Freestanding Individuals 107
8.1. Four Perspectives on Public Participation Process 141
8.2. Fairness in Perspectives A and B 143
8.3. Fairness in Perspectives C and D 144
8.4. Competence in Perspectives A and B 146
8.5. Competence in Ptives C and D 146
12.1. Integrating Participation with Negotiation 212
13.1. Reasons for Water Sector Reforms in Kenya 223
13.2. Institutional Confl icts in the Water Sector (Under Cap. 372) 224
13.3. Bottlenecks in the Water Sector (Under Water Act Cap. 372) 224
13.4. Institutional Setup under the Water Act of 2002 225
14.1. Circle of Cross-Infl uence 244
14.2. Ownership in Building the Virtuous Cycle 245
20.1. How Public Deliberation Changes Participants 310
CS1.1. Information, Consultation, and Participation 334
CS1.2. T he Consultation and Participation System:
An Elaboration of the CONADES Chart 342
CS2.1. Eff ective Development Communications 378
CS7.1. Time Line 2004–06 434
CS7.2. P ublic Awareness of the Procurement Law:
A Surprising Statistic? 435