Water and Development

The World Bank

Description

Development patterns, increasing population pressure, and the demand for better livelihoods in many parts of the globe all contribute to a steadily deepening global water crisis. Development redirects, consumes, and pollutes water. It also causes changes in the state of natural water reservoirs, directly by draining aquifers and indirectly by melting glaciers and the polar ice caps. Maintaining a sustainable relationship between water and development requires that current needs be balanced against the needs of future generations.
The development community has transformed and broadened its approach to water since the 1980s. As stresses on the quality and availability of water have increased, donors have begun to move toward more comprehensive approaches that seek to integrate water into development in other sectors.
This evaluation examines the full scope of the World Bank's lending and grant support for water activities. More than 30 background papers prepared for the evaluation have analyzed Bank lending by thematic area and by activity type. IDA and IBRD (the Bank) have supported countries in many water-related sectors.
The evaluation, by definition, is retrospective, but it identifies changes that will be necessary going forward, including those related to strengthening institutions and increasing financial sustainability.
Lessons and results from nearly 2,000 loans and credits, and work with 142 countries are identified.

Sujets

• Environment
• World Bank

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 30 juin 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 30
• EAN13: 9780821383933
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

AN EVALUATION OF WORLD BANK SUPPORT, 1997–2007
Water and Development
Volume 1
IEG Study SeriesThe World Bank Group
WORKING FOR A WORLD FREE
OF POVERTY
he World Bank Group consists of f ve institutions—Tthe International Bank for Reconstruction and De-
velopment (IBRD), the International Finance Corporation
(IFC), the International Development Association (IDA),
the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA),
and the International Centre for the Settlement of Invest-
ment Disputes (ICSID). Its mission is to f ght poverty for
lasting results and to help people help themselves and
their environment by providing resources, sharing knowl-
edge, building capacity, and forging partnerships in the
public and private sectors.
The Independent Evaluation Group
IMPROVING DEVELOPMENT RESULTS
THROUGH EXCELLENCE IN EVALUATION
he Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) is an indepen-Tdent, three-part unit within the World Bank Group.
IEG-World Bank is charged with evaluating the activities
of the IBRD (The World Bank) and IDA, IEG-IFC focuses on
assessment of IFC’s work toward private sector develop-
ment, and IEG-MIGA evaluates the contributions of MIGA
guarantee projects and services. IEG reports directly to the
Bank’s Board of Directors through the Director-General,
Evaluation.
The goals of evaluation are to learn from experience, to
provide an objective basis for assessing the results of the
Bank Group’s work, and to provide accountability in the
achievement of its objectives. It also improves Bank Group
work by identifying and disseminating the lessons learned
from experience and by framing recommendations drawn
from evaluation f ndings.AN EVALUATION OF WORLD BANK SUPPORT, 1997–2007
Water and Development
Volume 1
2010
The World Bank
Washington, D.C. ©2010 T e International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / T e World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington, DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
E-mail: [e-mail]
All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 13 12 11 10

T is volume is a product of the staf of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / T e World Bank.
T e f ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily ref ect the views of the Execu-
tive Directors of T e World Bank or the governments they represent. T is volume does not support any general inferences
beyond the scope of the evaluation, including any inferences about the World Bank Group’s past, current, or prospective
overall performance.
T e World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. T e boundaries, colors, de-
nominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of T e World
Bank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Rights and Permissions
T e material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permis-
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All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Of ce of the Publisher,
T e World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: [phone]; e- mail: [e-mail].
Cover photo: T e Bund, Shanghai, China. Two children along the Bund admire the Shanghai skyline. Photo courtesy of Jody
Cobb/Getty Images.

ISBN: 978-0-8213-8393-3
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8394-0
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8393-3
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data have been applied for.
World Bank InfoShop I ndependent Evaluation Group
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P rinted on Recycled Paper
ii | Gender and DevelopmentTable of Contents
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Management Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvi
Chairperson’s Comments: Committee on
Development Ef ectiveness (CODE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
Statement of the Advisory Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii
1. Water and the World Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Global Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Water Milestones and the Bank’s Commitments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Evolution of the World Bank’s Strategic Approach to Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Scope and Purpose of the Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. The Bank’s Water-Related Activities and Their Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Overview of the Water Portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Trends in the Water Portfolio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Portfolio Performance: Ratings against Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Integrating Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Changes in Portfolio Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Prioritizing Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3 Managing Water Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Watershed Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Groundwater Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
River Basin Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Hydrological and Meteorological Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Managing Effi ciency of Use and Demand for Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4 Water and Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Coping with Water Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Water and Environmental Sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Rivers, Lakes, Coastal Zones, and Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .