Global Monitoring Report 2008

Description

'Global Monitoring Report 2008', the fifth in an annual series, is essential reading for those who wish to follow the global development agenda and debate in 2008. The year marks the midpoint toward the 2015 deadline for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It is also an important year to work toward a consensus on how the world is going to respond to the challenge of climate change, building on the foundation laid at the Bali climate change conference in December 2007. The report spans this agenda. It provides a comprehensive assessment of progress toward the MDGs and related policies and actions. It addresses the challenge of climate change and environmental sustainability and assesses its implications for development.
The report's assessment of MDGs at midpoint presents a mixed picture, one of both significant progress and formidable challenges. The first MDG, reducing extreme poverty by half, is likely to be met at the global level, thanks to a remarkable surge in global economic growth over the past decade. But, on current trends, the human development MDGs are unlikely to be met. Prospects are gravest for the goals of reducing child and maternal mortality, but shortfalls are also likely in the primary school completion. nutrition, and sanitation MDGs. The potential effects of climate change compound the challenge of achieving the development goals and sustaining progress.
The report's messages are clear: urgent action is needed to help the world get back on track to achieve the MDGs; and urgent action is also needed to combat climate change that threatens the well-being of all countries, but particularly of poor countries and poor people. The goals of development and environmental sustainability are closely related, and the paths to those goals have important synergies.

Sujets

• Environment

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 14 avril 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 28
• EAN13: 9780821373842
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

GLOBAL
MONITORING
2008REPORT
MDGs and the Environment
Agenda for Inclusive and
Sustainable DevelopmentGLOBAL
MONITORING
2008REPORT GLOBAL
MONITORING
2008REPORT
MDGs and the Environment:
Agenda for Inclusive and
Sustainable Development© 2008 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-7384-2
eISBN: 978-0-8213-7385-9
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7384-2
Cover photo: © Robert Wallis/Panos Pictures.
Cover image: Women in Rajasthan, India, carry sand near the village of Paladi Bhopatan to form
rainwater collection channels. Rajasthan has been suffering from a drought for the last eight years.
Cover design by Quantum Think.Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Part I Monitoring the Development Agenda . . . . . . . . . .19
1 Sustaining and Broadening the Growth Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2 Achieving Better Results in Human Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3 Scaling Up Aid: Opportunities and Challenges
in a Changing Aid Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4 Harnessing Trade for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
5 Leveraging through the International Financial Institutions . . . . . . . . . . .143
Part II Special Theme: Environmental Sustainability . . .179
6 Ensuring Environmental Sustainability at the National Level . . . . . . . . .181
7 Global Environmental Sustainability: Protecting the Commons . . . . . . . .205
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
ANNEX Monitoring the MDGs: Selected Indicators . . . . .251
GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 2008 vCONTENTS
Boxes
0.1 MDGs and the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1 Assessing whether countries are on or off track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2 Statistical capacity building: furthering progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.1 Recent revisions of purchasing power parities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.2 The recent fi nancial market turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.3 Growth in Africa: rising but uneven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1.4 Management of natural resource revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.5 Impact of oil price increases on low-income countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.6 Rising food prices and their policy implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.7 Vietnam: Growth with equality leads to dramatic success in reducing poverty . . . . . 42
1.8 Private remittances: positive effects and risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1.9 The Commission on Growth and Development 46
1.10 Institutions, inequality, and growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.1 Comparing inequality in health in India and Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.2 The Education for All Fast-Track Initiative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2.3 Improving educational quality and stimulating growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
2.4 Indicators of environmental risk factors—DALYs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2.5 Exposure to indoor air pollution: Evidence from Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.1 Improving the predictability of aid: Ghana and Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
3.2 Debt Management Performance Assessment Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4.1 Trade data and trade restrictiveness indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4.2 The World Bank Logistics Performance Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
4.3 WTO negotiations and climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
4.4 Will carbon labeling help or hinder developing-country trade? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
5.1 Bank-Fund Collaboration: Joint Management Action Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
5.2 Lending by the IMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
5.3 Global Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Initiative 154
5.4 Supporting the preparation of poverty reduction strategies:
The case of Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
5.5 The IMF’s programs for improving statistical capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
5.6 Malaysia-Africa Knowledge Exchange Seminar:
An example of South-South knowledge sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
5.7 Coordination among donors in Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
5.8 Recent examples of country-level harmonization with regional development banks . . . 163
5.9 The Africa Action Plan: progress in implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
5.10 World Bank country systems pilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5.11 Carbon Partnership Facility and Forest Carbon Partnership Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
6.1 The importance of environmental income to the poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
6.2 MDG 7 indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
6.3 Assessing the performance of subsidies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
6.4 Adjusted net savings as a sustainability indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
7.1 Weather-index insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
7.2 Adaptation to climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
7.3 Sources of carbon fi nance under the UNFCCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
vi GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 2008CONTENTS
Figures
1 At the global level, progress and prospects vary widely across MDGs . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2 Progress toward MDGs is slowest in fragile states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3 Most countries are off track to meet most MDGs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.1 Poverty head count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.2 Per capita GDP growth rates by country group, 2003–07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.3 Number of emerging-market and developi