International Migration, Economic Development & Policy

Çaglar Özden And Maurice Schiff

Description

International migration has become acentral element of international relations and global integration due to its rapidly increasing economic, social, and cultural impact in both source and destination countries. This book provides new evidence on the impact of migration and remittances on several development indicators, including innovative thinking about thenexus between migration and birth rates. In addition, the book identifies the effect of host country policies on migration flows, examines the determinants of return and repeat migration, and explores the degree of success of return migrants upon return to their country of origin.

Sujets

• Economic development
• Migration
• Remittance
• Brain Drain
• Poverty
• Éducation
• Health

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 26 juin 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 69
• EAN13: 9780821369364
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

INTERNATIONAL
MIGRATION,
ECONOMIC
Development
& POLICY
Editors
Çaglar Özden • Maurice SchiffInternational
Migration,
Economic
Development &
PolicyInternational
Migration,
Economic
Development &
Policy
-Çaglar Özden
and Maurice Schiff, Editors
A copublication of the World Bank
and Palgrave Macmillan © 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
E-mail: feedback@w
All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 10 09 08 07
A copublication of The World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan.
Palgrave Macmillan
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010
Companies and representatives throughout the world
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s
Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries.
Palgrave® is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries.
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /
The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the
views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denomi-
nations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The
World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Rights and Permissions
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without per-
mission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The
World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the
work promptly.
For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information
to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: [phone];
fax: [phone]; Internet: www.copyright.com.
All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the
Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: [phone]; e-mail:
[e-mail].
ISBN-10: 0-8213-6935-0 (Soft cover) 0-8213-7028-6 (Hard cover)
eISBN-10: 0-8213-6936-9
eISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6935-7
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-6935-7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
International migration, economic development, and policy : overview / edited by Çag¯lar Özden and Maurice Schiff.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6935-7
ISBN-10: 0-8213-6935-0 0-8213-6936-9 (electronic)
1. Emigration and immigration. 2. Emigrant remittances. 3. Emigration and immigration—Economic
aspects. I. Özden, Çag¯lar. II. Schiff, Maurice W. III. World Bank.
JV6035.G57 2007
304.8—dc22
2007011294
Cover photo: Corbis
Cover designer: Tomoko HirataContents
Foreword xi
Contributors xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Abbreviations xvii
Overview 1
Çag¯lar Özden and Maurice Schiff
Part I GLOBAL MIGRATION DATABASE
1 Quantifying International Migration: A Database
of Bilateral Migrant Stocks 17
Christopher R. Parsons, Ronald Skeldon, Terrie L. Walmsley,
and L. Alan Winters
Part II IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT
2 The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Human
Capital: Evidence from Latin American Household
Surveys 59
Pablo Acosta, Pablo Fajnzylber, and J. Humberto Lopez
3 Does Work Migration Spur Investment in Origin
Communities? Entrepreneurship, Schooling,
and Child Health in Rural Pakistan 99
Ghazala Mansuri
4 Entrepreneurship, Labor Markets, and International
Remittances: Evidence from El Salvador 141
Pablo Acosta
vvi Contents
5 The Demographic Benefit of International Migration:
A Hypothesis and Its Application to Middle Eastern
and North African Contexts 161
Philippe Fargues
Part III HOST COUNTRY POLICY EFFECTS
6 Immigration Incentives and Policy in Switzerland 183
Dominique M. Gross
7 The Impact of an Ex-Ante Job Offer Requirement on
Labor Migration: The New Zealand-Tongan Experience 215
John Gibson and David McKenzie
Part IV RETURN MIGRATION
8 Returns to Overseas Work Experience:
The Case of Egypt 235
Jackline Wahba
9 Foreign-Born Migration to and from Norway 259
Bernt Bratsberg, Oddbjørn Raaum, and Kjetil Sørlie
INDEX 291
Figures
1.1 Bilateral Migration Stocks 37
1.2 Source Country Shares of Certain Destination Regions 38
1.3 Destinations of Emigrants from Source Regions 39
1.4 Migration and Common Language 42
1.5 Migrants and Distance 46
2.1 Remittances to Latin America in 2004 65
2.2 Share of Households Receiving Remittances 67
2.3 Households Receiving Remittances by Quintile of the
Distribution of Nonremittances Income 69
2.4 Average Years of Education for Adults Age 22 to 65 85
2.5 Differences in School Enrollment Rates for 12–17 Year Olds
by Remittances Recipient Status 86
2.6 Anthropometric Measures for Children Age one to five,
by Remittances Recipient Status: Guatemala 93
2.7 Anthropometric Measuren Age one to five,
by Remittances Re Nicaragua 94
3A.1 Enrollment and Dropout Rates, by Age and Wealth 137
3A.2 Gender Differences in Child Labor, by Age 138
3A.3enc, by Wealth 139
4.1 El Salvador, International Migrant Remittances Flows, 1978–2004 145
5.1 A Framework of the Impact of International Migration
on Birth Rates 165Contents vii
5.2 Migration and Fertility in the Middle East and North Africa
at the Time of Maximum Variation in Fertility 170
5.3 Remittances and Birth Rates in Egypt 173
5.4 Reires in Morocco 174
5.5 Emigration to the Gulf and the Transition of Fertility in Egypt
at the Time of the Gulf War (1991), by Governorate 175
5.6 Emigration and the Fertility Transition by Province in Morocco 175
5.7 Emigration and Fertility by Province in Turkey, 2000 176
6.1 Level of Permanent Foreign Population and
Unemployment Rate 187
6.2 Employment of Foreign and Swiss Populations 189
6.3 Total Inflow and Outflow of Foreign Permanent Residents 189
6.4 Shares of Inflow of Permanent Residents by Motives 192
6.5 Distribution of Immigrants from Some Regions of Origin 195
9.1 Immigration to Norway, 1967–2003 262
9.2 Immigrant Flows to Norway, by Gender 266
9.3 Fraction of Immigrants Remaining in Norway, by Gender 269
9.4 Fr Immigreorway, by Gender
and Region of Origin 271
9.5 Kernel Density Plots of Duration until Reimmigration 286
Tables
1.1 Who Qualifies as a Migrant? 20
1.2 Disparities between the Foreign Born and Foreign Migrants
in Portugal 21
1.3 New Caledonia Migrant Split on the Basis of Population Shares
for Melanesia 25
1.4 Population Splits 26
1.5 Propensity Shares for “Other Oceania” Split for Portugal 31
1.6 Database Versions 32
1.7 Share of Migrant Population in Total and from/to Neighboring
Country 34
1.8 Percentage of World Migrants Recorded as a Bilateral Movement
between Pairs of Countries/Regions 36
1.9 Migration Intensity Measures 41
1.10 Migration and Language: Migration Intensity Measures 43
1.11 Average Distance between Original and Destination
Countries 45
1.12 Average Difference in GNI Per Capita between Original and
Destination Countries 47
2.1 Household Surveys Used 66
2.2 Two-Step Estimates of Nonrecipient Households’ Income 73
2.3 Two-Stes of Nonr’ Income:
First-Step Results of Auxiliary Regressions 75
2.4 Impact of Remittances on Headcount Poverty 78viii Contents
2.5 Impact of Remittances on Headcount Poverty 79
2.6 Impact of Reeadcoverty 80
2.7 Impact of Remittances on Headcount Poverty 81
2.8 Access to Rees and Children’s Education: OLS 87
2.9 Remittances and Children’s Education by Mother’s Education 89
2.10 Rees and Health Outcomes 95
3.1 Migration and Household Structure 108
3.2 Impact of Return Migration on Household Investment in
Nonfarm Enterprises 112
3.3 Impact of Return Migration on Household Investment in
Farm Assets 113
3.4 Impact of Return Migration on the Purchase of
Agricultural Land 114
3.5 Impact of Migration on Schooling and Child Labor 119
3.6 Child Schooling in Migrant Households 124
3.7 Impact of Migration on Child Growth 128
3A.1 Migrants’ Region of Origin and Destination 135
3A.2 Determinants of Migration and Return Migration 136
4.1 Descriptive Differences by Remittances Recipient Status,
2000 Household Survey 147
4.2 Probit and Tobit Results for Labor Force Participation and
Hours Worked, 2000 Household Survey 150
4.3 IV Probit and 2SLS Rorce Part
Hours Worked, 2000 Household Survey 152
4.