Mechanisms of cuticular uptake of xenobiotics into living plants [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Wilhelmina Alison Forster

Alison Forster

Informations

• Publié par: julius-maximilians-universitat_wurzburg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 44
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Mechanisms of cuticular uptake of xenobiotics into living plants














Dissertation zur Erlangung des
Naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades
der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg



vorgelegt von

Wilhelmina Alison Forster

aus Rotorua, New Zealand



Würzburg 2006























Eingereicht am:………………………………………………………………………………..



Mitglieder der Promotionskommission:

Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. M. J. Müller

Gutachter: Prof. Dr. M. Riederer
rof. Dr. L. Schreiber, Bonn



Tag des Promtionskolloquiums:...............................................................................................



Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am:.............................................................................................



TABLE OF CONTENTS




TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................................................................I
LIST OF FIGURES.............III
LIST OF TABLES............. VII
ABBREVIATIONS..............IX
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1
SCOPE OF WORK.................. 3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................................ 4
THE PLANT CUTICLE........................................................................................................................................... 4
Pathways of uptake through plant cuticles.................................................................................................... 6
DIFFUSION........................... 8
UPTAKE OF HYDROPHILIC VERSUS LIPOPHILIC COMPOUNDS.............................................................................. 11
EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON THE PENETRATION OF ACTIVE INGREDIENTS INTO PLANT CUTICLES .................... 11
EFFECT OF DOSE (PESTICIDE DEPOSIT PER UNIT AREA) ON UPTAKE ................................................................... 13
UPTAKE DIFFERENCES AMONG PLANT SPECIES.................................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 3 INFLUENCE OF XENOBIOTIC DOSE ON CUTICULAR UPTAKE........................... 18
INTRODUCTION............. 19
MATERIALS AND METHODS...................................................................................................................... 22
RESULTS......................... 24
DISCUSSION................... 30
CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................................................. 33
REFERENCES.................. 34
CHAPTER 4 CONFIRMATION OF INFLUENCE OF XENOBIOTIC DOSE ON CUTICULAR
UPTAKE .................................................................................................................................................. 37
INTRODUCTION............. 38
MATERIALS AND METHODS 39
RESULTS......................... 42
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................................. 47
CONCLUSIONS............... 51
REFERENCES.................. 51
CHAPTER 5 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF
VARIABLES INVOLVED IN UPTAKE.......................................................................................................... 55
INTRODUCTION............. 56
MATERIALS AND METHODS...................................................................................................................... 56
RESULTS......................... 59
DISCUSSION................... 67
CONCLUSIONS............... 69
REFERENCES.................. 69
CHAPTER 6 EVALUATION OF A LOGISTIC-KINETIC PENETRATION MODEL ....................... 72
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 73
MATERIALS AND METHODS 73
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION....................................................................................................................... 75
REFERENCES.................. 92
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................. 95
SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 102
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG .................................................................................................................................. 105
iTABLE OF CONTENTS




LITERATURE CITED..................................................................................................................................... 109
OWN PUBLICATIONS.... 120
APPENDIX I INFLUENCE OF XENOBIOTIC DOSE AND SURFACTANT ON CUTICULAR
UPTAKE ................................................................................................................................................ 124
INTRODUCTION........... 125
MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................................................................................................... 125
RESULTS....................... 127
DISCUSSION................. 131
CONCLUSIONS............. 133
REFERENCES................ 134
APPENDIX II SPRAY FORMULATION DEPOSIT ON LEAF SURFACES ........................................ 135
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................... 136
MATERIALS AND METHODS 136
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................... 138
CONCLUSIONS............. 143
REFERENCES................ 144
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................................. 145
CURRICULUM VITAE.... 146
ERKLÄRUNG ................................................................................................................................................ 147

iiLIST OF FIGURES




LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Page No.
2.1 Schematic cross-section of a plant cuticle. 5
2.2 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of bean foliage after
treatment with organosilicone solution. 6
2.3 Schematic illustrating the factors involved in the diffusion of a compound
across a plant cuticle. 10
2.4 Example of the differences in spread area of DOG (0.075%) on a
C. album leaf surface due to droplets containing different surfactants. 14
3.1 Uptake at 24 h of DOG into C. album foliage in the presence of the
surfactants C EO , C EO , C EO and TSE7.5. 25 12 3 12 6 12 10
3.2 Uptake at 24 h of DOG into C. album foliage in the presence of the surfactants
C EO , C EO , C EO and TSE7.5. 26 12 3 12 6 12 10
3.3 Uptake at 24 h of 2,4-D into C. album foliage in the presence of the surfactants
C EO , C EO , C EO and TSE7.5. 27 12 3 12 6 12 10
3.4 Uptake at 24 h of epoxiconazole into C. album foliage in the presence
of the surfactants C EO , C EO , C EO and TSE7.5. 28 12 3 12 6 12 10
3.5 Uptake at 24 h of DOG into H. helix foliage in the presence of the surfactants
C EO , C EO and TSE7.5. 29 12 3 12 6
3.6 Uptake at 24 h of DOG into S. floribunda foliage in the presence
of the surfactants C EO , C EO and TSE7.5. 30 12 3 12 6
-23.7 Percentage uptake of DOG vs. nmol mm applied into C. album foliage at
24 h, in the presence of the surfactants C EO , C EO , C EO and TSE7.5. 31 12 3 12 6 12 10
3.8 Uptake of DOG, 2,4-D and epoxiconazole into C. album foliage in the
presence of the surfactants C EO , C EO , C EO and TSE7.5. 33 12 3 12 6 12 10
4.1 Uptake at 24 h of bentazone into C. album foliage in the presence of a range
-1of surfactants at 1 and 5 g L. 42
4.2 Uptake at 24 h of bentazone into C. album foliage in the presence of a range
-1of surfactants at 1 and 5 g L , excluding surfactants with molecular masses of ≥ 1350. 43
4.3 Uptake at 24 h of bentazone into C. album foliage in the presence of a range
-1of surfactants at 1 and 5 g L , excluding surfactants with a molecular mass ≥ 1350. 43
4.4 Uptake at 24 h of bentazone into S. alba foliage in the presence of a range
-1of surfactants at 5 g L. 44
4.5 Uptake at 24 h of bentazone into S. alba foliage in the presence of a range
-1of surfactants at 5 g L , excluding the surfactant with a molecular mass of 8000 44
4.6 Uptake at 24 h of epoxiconazole into T. aestivum foliage in the
-1presence of a range of surfactants at 0.417 - 1.67 g L. 45
4.7 Uptake at 24 h of