Poverty and the Environment
92 pages
English

Poverty and the Environment

YouScribe est heureux de vous offrir cette publication
92 pages
English
YouScribe est heureux de vous offrir cette publication

Description

Drawing upon recent analytical work prepared inside and outside the World Bank, this report identifies key lessons concerning the linkages between poverty and the environment. With a focus on the contribution of environmental resources to household welfare, the analysis increases our understanding of how specific reforms and interventions can have an impact on the health and livelihoods of poor people.
'Scholars and development practitioners increasingly recognize that in low-income countries there are inextricable links between poverty reduction and natural resources management. Demand has grown immensely for not only more, but better empirical evidence on those links. This volume offers a careful synthesis of key findings from growing literature on the environmental determinants of household welfare, as reflected by indicators of consumption, health, and income. The primary contribution of this study is that is has drawn out vital policy conclusions that will be of value to organizations and governments concerned about poverty and the environment in the developing world.'
--Professor Christopher B. Barrett, Cornell University

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Publié par
Publié le 15 novembre 2007
Nombre de lectures 55
EAN13 9780821372234
Langue English

Extrait

Poverty
and the
Environment
Understanding Linkages
at the Household Level

ENVIRONMENT AND DE

V

E

L

O

P

M

E

N

T

Poverty and the Environment

ENVIRONMENT
DNADEVELOPMENT

A fundamental element ofsustainable development is environmental sustain-
ability.Hence,this series was created in 2007 to cover current and emerging issues
in order to promote debate and broaden the understanding ofenvironmental
challenges as integral to achieving equitable and sustained economic growth.The
series will draw on analysis and practical experience from across the World Bank
and from client countries.The manuscripts chosen for publication will be central
to the implementation ofthe World Bank’s Environment Strategy,and relevant to
the development community,policy makers,and academia.In that spirit,this series
will address environmental health,natural resources management,strategic envi-
ronmental assessment,policy instruments,and environmental institutions.

Also in this series:
International Trade and Climate Change: Economic,Legal,and Institutional
Perspectives

Poverty

Envir
a
o
n
n
d t
m
he
ent

Understanding Linkages

at the Household Level

© 2008 The International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street,NW
Washington,DC 20433
Telephone 202-473-1000
Internet www.worldbank.org
E-mail feedback@worldbank.org
All rights reserved.
1 2 3 4 ::10 09 08 07
This volume is a product ofthe staffofthe International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.The findings,
interpretations,and conclusions expressed in this volume do not
necessarily reflect the views ofthe Executive Directors ofThe World
Bank or the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy ofthe data
included in this work.The boundaries,colors,denominations,
and other information shown on any map in this work do not
imply any judgement on the part ofThe World Bank concerning
the legal status ofany territory or the endorsement or acceptance
ofsuch boundaries.

RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS

The material in this publication is copyrighted.Copying and/or
transmitting portions or all ofthis work without permission
may be a violation ofapplicable law.The International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages
dissemination ofits work and will normally grant permission to
reproduce portions ofthe work promptly.
For permission to photocopy or reprint any part ofthis
work,please send a request with complete information to the
Copyright Clearance Center Inc.,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,
MA 01923,USA;telephone:978-750-8400;fax:978-750-4470;
Internet:www.copyright.com.
All other queries on rights and licenses,including subsidiary
rights,should be addressed to the Office ofthe Publisher,The
World Bank,1818 H Street NW,Washington,DC 20433,USA;
fax:202-522-2422;e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org.
ISBN:978-0-8213-7223-4
e-ISBN:978-0-8213-7224-1
DOI:10.1596/978-0-8213-7223-4
Cover photos:
Cooking fire:Ray Witlin/World Bank
Misty rainforest:©Frans Lanting/Corbis
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been
applied for.

vii
Acknowledgments

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1
1
Understanding Poverty-Environment Linkages
at the Household Level
2
Poverty and Environmental Change at the Macro Scale
5
Environmental Management and Pathways to Household Welfare
7
Scope ofthe Report
9
Some Key Conclusions

CHAPTER 2
11
Local Natural Resources, Poverty, and Degradation:
Examining Empirical Regularities
12
The Importance ofEnvironmental Income to the Poor
15
Commons as a Source ofInsurance
18
The Effect ofGrowth on Local Resource Use
20
Welfare Impacts ofDegradation
22
The Role ofPoverty in Environmental Change
24
Conclusions

CHAPTER 3
27
Health Outcomes and Environmental Pathogens
28
Theoretical Linkages between Health Outcomes and Environmental
Conditions
33
Empirical Evidence ofLinkages between Health Outcomes and
Environmental Conditions
41
How Robust Are the Empirical Findings?
42
Conclusions and Tentative Policy Implications

CHAPTER 4
45
Household Welfare and Policy Reforms
46
Selected Policy Reforms:Evidence from Case Studies
57
Challenges and Data Limitations
59
Conclusion

CHAPTER 5
61
Directions for Change
61
Use ofLocal Natural Resources
63
Design Principles for Improving Environmental Health
63
Better Data for Monitoring Change

v

vi
CONTENTS

64
Policy Reforms for Managing the Environment and
Reducing Poverty
65
Moving Forward

67
References

SEXOB12
2.1
Poverty and the Environment in Cambodia
17
2.2
The Role ofNatural Resources in Providing Insurance before and
after Hurricane Mitch
36
3.1
Does Health Information Increase Households’Efforts to Purify
Water?
38
3.2
Diminishing External Benefits from Community Coverage of
Water and Sanitation
48
4.1
Impact Evaluation Methods
50
4.2
Who Participates in the Community Management ofEnvironmental
Resources?
51
4.3
Who Benefits Most from Community Management?
FIGURES
4
1.1
Rank Correlations between Poverty and Various Environmental
Indicators in Cambodia,Lao PDR,and Vietnam
5
1.2
Poverty-Environment Linkages at the Household Level
21
2.1
Biomass Availability in Malawi
22
2.2
Effect ofIncrease in Biomass Density on Welfare ofRural Poor in
Malawi
TABLES
2
1.1
Selected Macro Indicators Linking Poverty,Natural Resources,and
Under-Five Mortality
3
1.2
Health Outcomes and Access to Environmental Infrastructure in
Selected Countries,by Wealth Quintile
15
2.1
Environmental Income as Percentage ofTotal Income in Resource-
Poor and Resource-Rich Areas
30
3.1
Factors Affecting Child Health

Acknowledgments

This book is a product ofthe poverty-environment work program in the
Environment Department ofthe World Bank.The Policy and Economics Team,
where this work is housed,is led by Kirk Hamilton.

The book is a collaborative effort,led by Priya Shyamsundar,with contributions by
Sushenjit Bandyopadhyay,Limin Wang,Mikko Paunio,and Kirk Hamilton.It draws
on the work ofmany valued colleagues,both inside and outside the Bank,including
Patricia Silva,Stefano Pagiola,Agustin Arcenas,Hanan Jacoby,Mei Xie,Bas van
der Klaauw,Alessandro Baccini,Keshav Raj Kanel,Irina Klytchnikova,Dragana
Radevic,Ana Rios,and Michael Humavindu.The volume also benefited from the
comments ofJames Warren Evans,Laura Tlaiye,Jan Bojö,Kulsum Ahmed,Anjali
Acharya,and Muthukumara Mani.

Special thanks are reserved for the manuscript’s peer reviewers,Christopher Barrett
and Maureen Cropper,who provided invaluable expert advice and guidance on
this work.Maureen in particular deserves our thanks for her substantive contri-
butions to the volume.

Finally,the generous financial support ofthe Government ofSweden for this work
is gratefully acknowledged.

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