Coastal Mass Tourism

Ken

Description

The Mediterranean coastal regions of Southern Europe have long been world leaders in mass tourism. This book examines some key questions for tourism development in these areas, with implications for similar regions across the world. The standardised forms of mass tourism are diversifying – with more specialised forms, notably those based on nature, culture and heritage, and those catering for special interests. There is a growing spectrum of modes of tourism, with an emphasis on variety, flexibility and permeability. Both mass tourism and the more diversified forms substantially impact on sustainable development. Policies promoting sustainable development are often of two main types: developing smaller-scale, alternative tourism products that are intended to be less damaging to the environment and society, and secondly, attempts to make mass tourism coastal resorts more sustainable. But there has been little critical assessment of these policies, either evaluating their basic assumptions or their successes and failures in practice. This edited book critically examines these issues for varied coastal regions in Southern Europe, including case studies from Spain, Croatia, Turkey, and north and south Cyprus.

Preface and Acknowledgements

Contributors

Section 1: Introduction

1 Bill Bramwell: Mass Tourism, Diversification and Sustainability in Southern Europe's Coastal Regions

2 Bill Bramwell: The Policy Context for Tourism and Sustainability in Southern Europe's Coastal Regions

Section 2: Coastal Tourism: Impacts and Policies

3 Helen Briassoulis: Crete: Endowed by Nature, Privileged by Geography, Threatened by Tourism?

4 Paris Tsartas: Tourism Development in Greek Insular and Coastal Areas: Sociocultural Changes and Crucial Policy Issues

5 Cevat Tosun, Dallen J. Timothy and Yüksel Öztürk: Tourism Growth, National Development and Regional Inequality in Turkey

6 Konstantinos Andriotis: Problems of Island Tourism Development: The Greek Insular Regions

7 Jon Sadler: Sustainable Tourism Planning in Northern Cyprus

Section 3: Mass Tourism Coastal Resorts and Sustainable Development

8 Michael Barke and John Towner: Learning From Experience? Progress Towards a Sustainable Future for Tourism in the Central and Eastern Andalucían Littoral

9 J. Fernando Vera Rebollo and Josep A. Ivars Baidal: Measuring Sustainability in a Mass Tourist Destination: Pressures, Perceptions and Policy Responses in Torrevieja, Spain,

10 Gonzalo Malvárez García, John Pollard and Rafael Domínguez Rodríguez: The Planning and Practice of Coastal Zone Management in Southern Spain

11 Xavier Campillo-Besses, Gerda K. Priestley and Francesc Romagose: Using EMAS and Local Agenda 21 as Tools Towards Sustainability: The Case of a Catalan Coastal Resort

12 Artemios Chatziathanassiou, Daphne Mavrogiorgos and Konstantinos Sioulas: Environmental Initiatives in the Hotel Sector in Greece: Case Study of the 'Green Flags' Project

Section 4: Diversified Coastal Tourism and Sustainable Development

13 Ioannis Spilanis and Helen Vayanni: Sustainable Tourism: Utopia or Necessity? The Role of New Forms of Tourism in the Aegean Islands

14 Nadia Theuma: Tourism, Culture and Cultural Tourism in Malta: The Revival of Valletta

15 Julie E. Scott: Coffee Shop Meets Casino: Cultural Responses to Casino Tourism in Northern Cyprus

16 Richard Sharpley: Tourism, Modernisation and Development on the Island of Cyprus: Challenges and Policy Responses

17 Derek Hall: Rejuvenation, Diversification and Imagery: Sustainability Conflicts for Tourism Policy in the Eastern Adriatic

Index

Sujets

• Sustainable Development
• Industries
• Employabilité, métiers et formations
• Sustainability
• Hospitality
• Professional
• Travel
• Postgraduate education
• Tourism
• Economics
• Development
• Business
• Research
• Postgraduate
• Industrie

Informations

• Publié par: Multilingual Matters
• Date de parution: 05 février 2004
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781873150702
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Coastal Mass Tourism

ASPECTS OF TOURISM Series Editors:Professor Chris Cooper,University of Queensland, Australia,6 Dr Michael Hall,University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand and Dr Dallen Timothy,Arizona State University, Tempe, USA

Aspects of Tourismis an innovative, multifaceted series which will comprise authoritative reference handbooks on global tourism regions, research volumes, texts and monographs. It is designed to provide readers with the latest thinking on tourism worldwide and in so doing will push back the frontiers of tourism knowledge. The series will also introduce a new generation of international tourism authors, writing on leading edge topics. The volumes will be readable and user friendly, providing accessible sources for further research. The list will be underpinned by an annual authoritative tourism research volume. Books in the series will be commissioned that probe the relationship between tourism and cognate subject areas such as strategy, development, retailing, sport and environmental studies. The publisher and series editors welcome proposals from writers with projects on these topics.

Other Books in the Series Classic Reviews in Tourism Chris Cooper (ed.) Dynamic Tourism: Journeying with Change Priscilla Boniface Journeys into Otherness: The Representation of Differences and Identity in Tourism Keith Hollinshead and Chuck Burlo (eds) Managing Educational Tourism Brent W. Ritchie Marine Ecotourism: Issues and Experiences Brian Garrod and Julie C. Wilson (eds) Natural Area Tourism: Ecology, Impacts and Management D. Newsome, S.A. Moore and R. Dowling Progressing Tourism Research Bill Faulkner, edited by Liz Fredline, Leo Jago and Chris Cooper Recreational Tourism: Demand and Impacts Chris Ryan Tourism Collaboration and Partnerships Bill Bramwell and Bernard Lane (eds) Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues Richard Sharpley and David Telfer (eds) Tourism Employment: Analysis and Planning Michael Riley, Adele Ladkin and Edith Szivas Tourism in Peripheral Areas: Case Studies Frances Brown and Derek Hall (eds)

Other Books of Interest Global Ecotoursim Policies and Case Studies Michael Lück and Torsten Kirstges (eds) Irish Tourism: Image, Culture and Identity Michael Cronin and Barbara O’Connor (eds)

Please contact us for the latest book information: Channel View Publications, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, BS21 7HH, England http://www.channelviewpublications.com

ASPECTS OF TOURISM 12 Series Editors: Chris Cooper (University of Queensland, Australia), Michael Hall (University of Otago, New Zealand) and Dallen Timothy (Arizona State University, USA)

Coastal Mass Tourism Diversification and Sustainable Development in Southern Europe

Edited by Bill Bramwell

CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS Clevedon  Buffalo  Toronto  Sydney

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 1873150695 (hbk) ISBN 1873150687 (pbk)

Channel View Publications An imprint of Multilingual Matters Ltd

UK: Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon BS21 7SJ. USA: 2250 Military Road, Tonawanda, NY 14150, USA. Canada: 5201 Dufferin Street, North York, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T8. Australia: Footprint Books, PO Box 418, Church Point, NSW 2103, Australia.

Copyright © 2004 Bill Bramwell and the authors of individual chapters.

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher.

Typeset by ArchetypeIT Ltd (http://www.archetypeit.com). Printed and bound in Great Britain by the Cromwell Press Ltd.

Contents

Preface and Acknowledgements

Contributors Section 1: Introduction 1 Mass Tourism, Diversification and Sustainability in Southern Europe’s Coastal Regions Bill Bramwell

2 The Policy Context for Tourism and Sustainability in Southern Europe’s Coastal Regions Bill Bramwell Section 2: Coastal Tourism: Impacts and Policies 3 Crete: Endowed by Nature, Privileged by Geography, Threatened by Tourism? Helen Briassoulis

4

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6

Tourism Development in Greek Insular and Coastal Areas: Sociocultural Changes and Crucial Policy Issues Paris Tsartas

Tourism Growth, National Development and Regional Inequality in Turkey Cevat Tosun, Dallen J. Timothy and Yüksel Öztürk

Problems of Island Tourism Development: The Greek Insular Regions Konstantinos Andriotis

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1

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7 Sustainable Tourism Planning in Northern Cyprus Jon Sadler133 Section 3: Mass Tourism Coastal Resorts and Sustainable Development 8 Learning From Experience? Progress Towards a Sustainable Future for Tourism in the Central and Eastern Andalucían Littoral Michael Barke and John Towner157

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Measuring Sustainability in a Mass Tourist Destination: Pressures, Perceptions and Policy Responses in Torrevieja, Spain J. Fernando Vera Rebollo and Josep A. Ivars Baidal The Planning and Practice of Coastal Zone Management in Southern Spain Gonzalo Malvárez García, John Pollard and Rafael Domínguez Rodríguez Using EMAS and Local Agenda 21 as Tools Towards Sustainability: The Case of a Catalan Coastal Resort Xavier CampilloBesses, Gerda K. Priestley and Francesc Romagose v

Contents

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12 Environmental Initiatives in the Hotel Sector in Greece: Case Study of the ‘Green Flags’ Project Artemios Chatziathanassiou, Daphne Mavrogiorgos and Konstantinos Sioulas Section 4: Diversified Coastal Tourism and Sustainable Development 13 Sustainable Tourism: Utopia or Necessity? The Role of New Forms of Tourism in the Aegean Islands Ioannis Spilanis and Helen Vayanni

14

15

Tourism, Culture and Cultural Tourism in Malta: The Revival of Valletta Nadia Theuma

Coffee Shop Meets Casino: Cultural Responses to Casino Tourism in Northern Cyprus Julie E. Scott

16 Tourism, Modernisation and Development on the Island of Cyprus: Challenges and Policy Responses Richard Sharpley 17 Rejuvenation, Diversification and Imagery: Sustainability Conflicts for Tourism Policy in the Eastern Adriatic Derek Hall Index

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Preface and Acknowledgements

This book arose in part from my surprise that there are relatively few books on the development and planning of coastal tourism, which appeared curious because coastal destinations are so important for global tourism. My research on tourism in the coastal regions of southern Europe also suggested that there was a need for further reflection on the tourism development patterns, impacts and policies in that region, one of the cradles of modern mass tourism. All the contributions to this volume evaluate coastal tourism in southern Europe in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development is an important concept, and it is also becoming a key feature of discourses on the future of society, environment and economies in the region. The book was also prompted by a belief there was scope for a book that draws together some of the vast literature on southern Europe that is relevant to an understanding of the tourism industry there. This literature is widely scattered in academic journals and in chapters of books that often have a wider canvas than just tourism itself. As the book developed it became clear that there was a need for more critical evaluation of two inter linked trends in Europe’s Mediterranean coastal regions. These were the upgrading of mass tourism resorts and facilities, and product diversification into small-scale ‘alternative’ tourism and new types of larger-scale tourism. Not enough is known about these development approaches, about the policy instruments and planning techniques used to support them, or about their advantages and disadvantages. The book, therefore, examines the strengths and weaknesses of these policies and techniques in relation to the objectives of sustainable development. This is one of the book’s key themes, and it is one of the features that distinguishes this volume from others that recently have been published on Mediterranean tourism. The book examines aspects of the complex interactions between market demands and pressures, evolving value systems and policy contexts, and new policies and planning techniques affecting tourism and sustainable develop- ment around the shores of Europe’s Mediterranean. It provides a commentary on how the implementation of policies affecting tourism and sustainability is a multifaceted and often fraught process. Within the space constraints of this book there are detailed examinations of just some of the major features of tourism and sustainable development in Europe’s Mediterranean coastal regions. It must be recognised that there are other important issues not considered in great depth here, such as managing the scale or quantity of tourism development, and efforts to involve local actors in tourism policy-making. This book was developed alongside a theme issue of theJournal of Sustainable Tourism, with nine of the 17 chapters in this book also published in the theme issue (Vol. 11, Nos. 2 & 3, 2003). There are eight completely new contributions in this book, including Chapters 1 and 2 that provide a substantial introduction to the subject and review key themes, and also the Chapters 6, 7, 11, 12, 13 and 14. The link to the journal theme issue helped to attract leading researchers and

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assisted in the blind referee process: every chapter has been refereed both by the Editor and by up to three experts. The inspiration for embarking on this book came from two friends who are based in Malta: Karmenu Vella and Gianfranco Selvaggi. Their long experience of the tourism industry in the Mediterranean, and their enthusiasm and gener- osity, prompted my interest in the issues examined here. I am deeply grateful to Sheela Agarwal, who works at the University of Plymouth, and Andy Smith, a colleague at Sheffield Hallam University, for their insightful comments on drafts of the two introductory chapters. These chapters also benefited greatly from the detailed and perceptive reviews provided by Bernard Lane at the University of Bristol. My regular conversations with Bernard helped me to maintain my own enthusiasm for the book. Joan Butt at Sheffield Hallam University skilfully and quickly produced the figures and tables in Chapter 1. And, of course, I am much indebted to the contributors of the chapters in the book and to the many referees involved. Finally, I would like to express appreciation to Mike and Marjukka Grover at Channel View Publications for their continued support with the project.

Bill Bramwell Centre for Tourism and Cultural Change, Sheffield Hallam University, UK

The Contributors

Konstantinos Andriotislectures at the Greek Open University and the Technolog- ical Education Institute of Crete in Greece. He has an MSc in International Hospitality Management from the University of Strathclyde, and a PhD in Tourism Development and Planning from Bournemouth University. His recent publications include articles on community perceptions of tourism, tourism development and planning, tourism employment, seasonality, the morphology of coastal resorts and public and private sector involvement in tourism, in journals such asJournal of Travel ResearchandJournal of Sustainable Tourism.

Michael Barkeis Reader in Human Geography at the University of Northumbria in Newcastle, UK. He gained a first degree in Geography from the University of Liver- pool and a PhD in Geography from the University of Glasgow. He has published widely on social and economic change in Andalucía, including work on tourism impacts. He co-edited the bookTourism in Spain: Critical Issues, published in 1996 by CABI. His research interests include recent social and economic change in southern Spain, and the historical geography of Andalucía.

Bill Bramwellis Reader in Tourism in the Centre for Tourism and Cultural Change at Sheffield Hallam University, UK. He has an MA and PhD in Geography. He has jointly edited books on tourism and rural areas, tourism partnerships and collabora- tion, and tourism and sustainability in Europe. In 1993 he co-founded theJournal of Sustainable Tourism, which he continues to co-edit. He has written journal articles on various aspects of tourism policy and planning and on sustainability and tourism.

Helen Briassoulisis Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of the Aegean, Lesvos, Greece. She holds a PhD in Regional Planning from the Univer- sity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. She has published in refereed journals and books on tourism and the environment, land use change, sustainable develop- ment indicators, and integrated economic-environmental analysis.

Xavier Campillo-Bessesis a Lecturer and Director of the Consultancy Unit in the Escola Universitària de Turisme i Direcció Hoteleraat theUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain. He holds a PhD in Geography and much of his research and professional activity relates to local development, environment and tourism in mountain areas, countryside access, and ecotourism. He lectures on tourism and the environment and tourism and development, and he has worked on several local rural development programmes.

Artemios Chatziathanassiouis an agricultural engineer and project manager for research and demonstration projects in the Centre for Renewable Energy Sources in Greece. He holds an MSc in Energy Management and Environmental Protection from the National Technical University of Athens and the Economics University of Piraeus. His research focuses on tourism eco-labelling schemes, environmental impacts of renewable energy, and the use and promotion of renewable energy. He

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has published articles on policies for bioenergy technology and its environmental impacts. Gonzalo Malvarez Garciais a Lecturer in Environmental Science and Assistant Director of the Virtual School at the School of Environmental Studies, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland. His research interests include coastal geomorphology and coastal zone management. Among his recent publications are studies of the measurement and management of environmental stress on the Costa del Sol in the Journal of Coastal ResearchandCoastal Management. He has also published on morphodynamic processes and near-shore environments in Britain and Ireland.

Derek Hallis Professor of Regional Development and Head of the Tourism Research Group at the Scottish Agricultural College in Auchincruive, Scotland. He has a first degree in Geography and Anthropology and a PhD in Social Geography, both from the University of London. He has numerous publications on tourism and development in central and south-eastern Europe. His research interests include tourism and rural development and EU accession issues in central and eastern Europe and the central and eastern Mediterranean.

Josep A. Ivars Baidalis an Associate Lecturer in the Department of Geographical Analysis and a Researcher in the Tourism School at the University of Alicante, Spain. He has a PhD in Geography and he is a member of the Spanish Association of Scien- tific Experts in Tourism. His research activity focuses on tourism planning, and policy and public management. He combines his teaching activities with profes- sional participation in tourism planning activities.

Daphne Mavrogiorgosis a partner in the Environment Section at the Centre for Renewable Energy Sources in Greece. She is a biologist and holds an MSc in Geog- raphy – Environmental Change and Management, from the University of London. Her research work examines eco-labelling schemes in tourism, the environmental impacts of renewable energy sources, the rational use and promotion of energy applications, and the Kyoto mechanism for emissions trading.

Yüksel Öztürkis Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Trade and Tourism Education at Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. He is a graduate of the Scottish Hotel School at the University of Strathclyde, Scotland. His research interests include destination marketing, market segmentation and development, the impacts of tourism, and consumer behaviour.

John Pollardis a Senior Lecturer in Geography in the School of Environmental Studies at the University of Ulster, Northern Ireland. He has research interests in tourism, recreation management and coastal planning. His recent publications include articles on tourism and coastal management in Spain in the journalsTourism Management,GeographyandCoastal Management. His other recent publications concern tourism and the environment in Ireland.

Gerda K. Priestleyis a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Geography and Director of the International Research Centre at theEscola Universitària de Turisme i Direcció Hotelerawithin theUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona. She holds a PhD in Geography, and has research interests in tourism planning, focusing on protected area management and urban and sports tourism. She co-edited the