The Chinese botanical gardens , livre ebook
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2022
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442
pages
English
Ebooks
2022
Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus
Publié par
Date de parution
13 janvier 2022
EAN13
9782759827015
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
176 Mo
Le livre ‘The Chinese Botanical Gardens’ résume de manière exhaustive le développement historique, la distribution et la subordination, l'introduction et la collecte des plantes, la conservation ex situ, l'enregistrement des informations sur les plantes, la recherche scientifique et l'état d'utilisation des jardins botaniques en Chine, avec une présentation détaillée du développement et de la conservation de 161jardins botaniques en Chine. Les jardins botaniques chinois ont joué un rôle actif dans la protection, l'exploration et l'utilisation des plantes et ont apporté un soutien important à la recherche botanique. Ils sont devenus une attraction touristique de grande qualité et une base d'éducation scientifique populaire en Chine.Ce livre fournira des informations de base sur la construction, la gestion et le développement des jardins botaniques chinois. Il peut être utilisé comme matériel de recherche et de référence pour les enseignants et les étudiants professionnels concernés, les institutions d'éducation scientifique et les agences de voyage. Il peut également servir de référence pour la coopération entre les jardins botaniques chinois et étrangers.Contents vPrefaceChapter 1 Outline of the Chinese Botanical Gardens.....................................................................1Chapter 2 A Brief Introduction of Botanical Gardens of China ................................................23BeijingBeijing Botanical Garden of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences......24Beijing Botanical Garden.............................................................................................27Beijing Medicinal Botanical Garden............................................................................30Beijing Teaching Botanical Garden.............................................................................32ShanghaiMedicinal Botanical Garden of the Second Military Medical University..................34Shanghai Botanical Garden..........................................................................................36Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences......................38ChongqingChongqing Medicinal Botanical Garden.....................................................................41Nanshan Botanical Garden...........................................................................................43Chongqing Botanical Garden.......................................................................................45Botanical Garden of Chongqing University................................................................47AnhuiHuangshan Arboretum of Anhui Academy of Forestry...............................................50Hefei Botanical Garden................................................................................................52FujianFuzhou Botanical Garden.............................................................................................54Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden.............................56Contentsvi THE CHINESE BOTANICAL GARDENSXiamen Botanical Garden............................................................................................58Teaching Botanical Garden of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University...............60GansuMinqin Desert Botanical Garden.................................................................................62Maiji Botanical Garden................................................................................................65Lanzhou Arboretum......................................................................................................67Lanzhou Botanical Garden...........................................................................................69GuangdongSouth China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences..................................72South Subtropical Botanical Garden............................................................................76Dinghushan Arboretum of South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy ofSciences........................................................................................................................78Guangdong Tree Park...................................................................................................81Arboretum of South China Agricultural University....................................................83Shenzhen Fairylake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences......................85Dongguan Botanical Garden........................................................................................87Zhongshan Arboretum..................................................................................................89Medicinal Botanical Garden of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University....................91Chaozhou Botanical Garden.........................................................................................93GuangxiArboretum of Guangxi Academy of Forestry..............................................................95Guilin Botanical Garden of Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy ofSciences........................................................................................................................97Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden........................................................................100Arboretum of Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy ofForestry.......................................................................................................................103Nanning Arboretum....................................................................................................105Qingxiushan Forestry Botanical Garden....................................................................107Liuzhou Karst Botanical Garden................................................................................110GuizhouGuizhou Botanical Garden.........................................................................................113Arboretum of Guizhou Academy of Forestry............................................................115Guiyang Medicinal Botanical Garden........................................................................117Contents viiRare and Plateau Botanical Garden of Guizhou Mid-Subtropics..............................119Zunyi Botanical Garden.............................................................................................121Arboretum of Dongfeng Forestry Farm.....................................................................123HainanXinglong Tropical Botanical Garden.........................................................................125Hainan Tropical Botanical Garden.............................................................................128Hainan Fengmu Arboretum........................................................................................130Xinglong Tropical Medicinal Botanical Garden........................................................132Tropical Arboretum at Jianfengling...........................................................................134Xinglong Tropical Garden..........................................................................................136HebeiShijiazhuang Botanical Garden..................................................................................140Gaobeidian Botanical Garden....................................................................................142Baoding Botanical Garden.........................................................................................144Tangshan Botanical Garden........................................................................................146HenanJigongshan Botanical Garden.....................................................................................148Luoyang National Peony Garden...............................................................................151Zhengzhou Huanghe Botanical Garden.....................................................................153Luoyang International Peony Garden........................................................................155China National Flower Garden..................................................................................157Luoyang Sui and Tang Relics Botanical Garden.......................................................159Zhengzhou Botanical Garden.....................................................................................162HeilongjiangHeilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden.......................................................................164Xiaoxinganling Botanical Garden..............................................................................166Jixi Zoological and Botanical Garden........................................................................168Jinhewan Wetland Botanical Garden.........................................................................170HubeiWuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences........................................172Moshan Landscape Botanical Garden........................................................................175Central China Medicinal Botanical Garden...............................................................178viii THE CHINESE BOTANICAL GARDENSYichang Sanxia Botanical Garden.............................................................................180HunanHunan Nanyue Arboretum.........................................................................................182Hunan Forest Botanical Garden.................................................................................184Chenzhou Nanling Botanical Garden........................................................................186Arboretum of South Central Forestry Science and Technology University..............188South Hunan Botanical Garden..................................................................................190Guidong Botanical Garden.........................................................................................192JilinChangbaishan Botanical Garden................................................................................194Changchun Forest Botanical Garden.........................................................................196Changchun Zoological and Botanical Garden...........................................................198JiangsuNanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen, Chinese Academy of Sciences........200Pharmaceutical Arboretum of China Pharmaceutical University..............................203Taihu Ornamental Botanical Garden..........................................................................205Xuzhou Botanical Garden..........................................................................................208Yangzhou Botanical Garden.......................................................................................210Chongchuan Botanical Garden..................................................................................213JiangxiLushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences........................................216Gannan Arboretum.....................................................................................................219Dagangshan Arboretum..............................................................................................222Nanchang Botanical Garden.......................................................................................224LiaoningXiongyue Arboretum..................................................................................................226Shenyang Arboretum of Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences......................................................................................................................................228Medicinal Botanical Garden of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University.....................231Shenyang Botanical Garden.......................................................................................233Dalian Botanical Garden............................................................................................236Dalian Yinggeshi Botanical Garden...........................................................................238Contents ixShenyang Tree Specimens Garden.............................................................................241Inner MongoliaArding Botanical Garden............................................................................................245Arboretum of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry...........................................248Chifeng Botanical Garden..........................................................................................250NingxiaYinchuan Botanical Garden.......................................................................................252QinghaiXining Landscape Botanical Garden.........................................................................254ShandongArboretum of Shandong Agricultural University......................................................257Botanical Garden of Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine...............259Qingdao Botanical Garden.........................................................................................261Shandong Linyi Zoological and Botanical Garden...................................................263Jinan Botanical Garden...............................................................................................265Weifang Botanical Garden.........................................................................................267Forest Botanical Garden of Taishan Forestry Research Institute..............................270Herb Garden of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine..................272ShanxiWutaishan Arboretum.................................................................................................274Datong Botanical Garden...........................................................................................276Jinsha Botanical Garden.............................................................................................278Taiyuan Botanical Garden..........................................................................................281ShaanxiYulin Hongshixia Sand Botanical Garden.................................................................283Xi’an Botanical Garden..............................................................................................285Baoji Botanical Garden..............................................................................................288Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Arboretum......................................290Heilongtan Montane Arboretum................................................................................292Yulin Woyunshan Botanical Garden..........................................................................294Qinling National Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences........................296x THE CHINESE BOTANICAL GARDENSSichuanChengdu Botanical Garden........................................................................................298Emeishan Botanical Garden.......................................................................................300West China Subalpine Botanical Garden of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy ofSciences......................................................................................................................303XinjiangTurpan Desert Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences.............................305Urumqi Botanical Garden..........................................................................................308Tazhong Botanical Garden.........................................................................................311Botanical Garden of Longkun....................................................................................313YunnanKunming Botanical Garden of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy ofSciences......................................................................................................................315Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences............318Xishuangbanna Medicinal Botanical Garden............................................................321Kunming Arboretum of Yunnan Academy of Forestry..............................................323Kunming Landscape Botanical Garden.....................................................................325Xishuangbanna Tropical Flower Garden...................................................................327Shangri-La Alpine Botanical Garden.........................................................................329ZhejiangThe Botanical Garden of Zhejiang University...........................................................332Hangzhou Botanical Garden......................................................................................334Wenzhou Botanical Garden........................................................................................336Anji Bamboo Garden..................................................................................................338Zhejiang Bamboo Garden..........................................................................................341Introduction and Domestication Botanical Garden of Zhoushan Island...................343Botanical Garden of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University.........................345Tianjing Aquatic Botanical Garden............................................................................348Jiaxing Botanical Garden...........................................................................................350Tongxiang Botanical Garden......................................................................................352Ningbo Botanical Garden...........................................................................................354Hong KongHong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens.........................................................357Contents xiKadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden.............................................................................359Shing Mun Arboretum................................................................................................362MacaoMacao Botanical Garden............................................................................................365TaiwanTaipei Botanical Garden.............................................................................................368Hengchun Tropical Botanical Garden........................................................................371Chiayi Botanical Garden............................................................................................374Taiwan Alpine Botanical Garden...............................................................................377Siaping Tropical Botanical Garden............................................................................379Shuangsi Tropical Arboretum.....................................................................................382Fushan Botanical Garden...........................................................................................384Shanping Forest Ecological Science Park..................................................................387Kaohsiung Original Botanical Garden.......................................................................389Neishuangxi Medicinal Herb Garden........................................................................391Museum of Natural Science Botanical Garden..........................................................393Yuan Sen Applied Botanical Garden..........................................................................396Taimali Coastal Botanical Garden..............................................................................399Chapter 3 Status Quo and Developmental Prospects of the Chinese Botanical Gardens......403References............................................................................................................................................420
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Publié par
Date de parution
13 janvier 2022
EAN13
9782759827015
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
176 Mo
Current Natural Sciences
Hongwen HUANG
B O TA N Y
The Chinese Botanical Gardens
B O TA N Y
ISBN : 978-2-7598-2700-8
9 782759 827008
Current Natural Sciences
The Chinese Botanical Gardens
Hongwen HUANG
The Chinese Botanical Gardenssummarizes the comprehensively historical development, distribution and subordination, plant introduction and collection,ex situplant information recording, conservation, scientific research and utilization status of botanical gardens in China, with detailed introduction of the development and conservation of 161 botanical gardens in China. Chinese botanical gardens have played an active role in plant protection, exploration and utilization and provided important supports for botany research, and have become a high quality tourist attraction and popular science education base in China.
This book will provide basic guiding information for the construction, management and development of Chinese botanical gardens. It can be used as research and reference material for relevant professional teachers and students, scientific education institutions and travel agencies. It can also be used as a reference for the cooperation between botanical gardens at home and abroad.
www.edpsciences.org
C urre nt Na tura l Sc ie nc e s
Hongwen HUANG
The Chinese Botanical Gardens
Edited by Hongwen HUANG Translated by Yunyun SHAO
This book was originally published by Science Press, © Science Press, 2021.
Printed in France
EDP Sciences – ISBN(print): 978-2-7598-2700-8 – ISBN(ebook): 978-2-7598-2701-5
All rights relative to translation, adaptation and reproduction by any means whatsoever are reserved, worldwide. In accordance with the terms of paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 41 of the French Act dated March 11, 1957, “copies or reproductions reserved strictly for private use and not intended for collective use” and, on the other hand, analyses and short quotations for example or illustrative purposes, are allowed. Otherwise, “any representation or reproduction – whether in full or in part – without the consent of the author or of his successors or assigns, is unlawful” (Article 40, paragraph 1). Any representation or reproduction, by any means whatsoever, will therefore be deemed an infringement of copyright punishable under Articles 425 and following of the French Penal Code.
The printed edition is not for sale in Chinese mainland. Customers in Chinese mainland please order the print book from Science Press. ISBN of the China edition: Science Press ISBN: 978-7-03-068683-1
Science Press, EDP Sciences, 2021 ©
Ecological Civilization—Building a Shared Future for All Life on Earth This book is dedicated to the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to theConvention on Biological Diversity
The Writing Team of The Chinese Botanical Gardens
Edited byHUANG Hongwen Translated bySHAO Yunyun
Editorial Board Members
(Alphabetically)
Chapter 1 Outline of the Chinese Botanical Gardens HUANG Hongwen LIAO Jingping ZHANG Zheng ZHAO Tong
Chapter 2 A Brief Introduction of Botanical Gardens of China (investigated provinces in the brackets)
Questionnaire Surveyors:
HUANG Ruilan
ZHAN Qingqing
LIAO Jingping NING Zulin XIE Siming ZHANG Zheng ZHAO Tong
Field Interviewers:
CUI Changjie (Ningxia, Gansu)
GAN Yangying (Shaanxi)
KUANG Yanfeng (Hunan, Jiangsu)
LIU Huanfang (Guizhou)
LI Bingxin (Zhejiang, Shanxi)
QIN Suqing (Zhejiang, Shanxi)
SHAO Yunyun (Ningxia, Gansu)
WANG Dandan (Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Henan)
XU Fengxia (Guizhou)
XU Kai (Shaanxi, Xinjiang)
YANG Guifang (Shandong, Hebei)
YU Qianxia (Guizhou)
ZHAO Tong (Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Henan)
ZOU Pu (Hunan, Jiangsu)
Initial Writers of the Introduction and Information:
CHEN Yinjie (Jilin, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning)
KE Xiaoxia (Sichuan, Taiwan)
YU Jinyun (Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shanghai)
ZHANG Jingfeng (Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Macao)
ZHANG Yiqi (Chongqing, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Hong Kong, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang)
ZENG Xiaoping (Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan)
Proofreaders of the Introduction and Information:
CHEN Xinlan (Anhui, Beijing, Gansu)
LI Biqiu (Shandong)
KE Xiaoxia (Hunan, Hubei)
LI Suwen (Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan)
LI Wenyan (Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing)
LIU Hua (Zhejiang, Xinjiang)
WEI Qiang (Guangxi)
LIN Canjia (Hunan)
SONG Zhengping (Guangdong)
XIE Jiumei (Tianjin, Hebei, Henan)
XIE Siming (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning)
ZHAN Qingqing (Yunnan, Shanghai)
ZHANG Yiqi (Jiangxi, Jiangsu)
YU Jinyun (Jiangxi, Jiangsu)
ZHANG Jingfeng (Fujian)
ZHANG Zheng (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning)
ZENG Xiaoping (Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai)
Final Compilers and Editors of the Introduction and Information:
ZHANG Yiqi NING Zulin LIAO Jingping
Chapter 3 Status Quo and Developmental Prospects ofThe Chinese Botanical Gardens HUANG Hongwen LIAO Jingping ZHANG Zheng ZHAO Tong
Preface
There are about 2,000 existing botanical gardens (arboreta) in the world, with about 100,000 species of higher plants collected and preserved. Of these species, about 15,000 are endangered plants. These gardens receive 200 million visitors annually, promoting the advancement of plant science and public knowledge services. Due to the lack of systematic review of the historical and current data of Chinese botanical gardens, the basic status of the number of botanical gardens, conservation capacity, and plantex situconservation are unclear, and the national strategy forex situconservation of plant diversity is difîcult to clarify. After more than four years of questionnaire survey, literature research, and field visits, the team ofEx Situ Cultivated Flora of Chinain South China Botanical Gardens carried out a comprehensive survey of the national botanical gardens and theirex situconservation, analyzed the development status and existing problems of the Chinese botanical gardens, and proposed relevant suggestions. They expected to promote the joint development of the national botanical gardens through the implementation of the “Construction and Evaluation of the National Standard System of Botanical Gardens” and the compilation and research ofEx Situ Cultivated Flora of China, and to play an active role in integrating the protection and utilization of plant resources. Since the establishment of the Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens in Hong Kong by Westerners in 1871, the Chinese botanical gardens had experienced about 150 years. But before 1950, the botanical gardens and arboretums in China were mainly established by colonists, and secondly by the Chinese. The main purpose of the botanical gardens and arboretums established by the Chinese was to meet the needs of research of plant resources and teaching in China, and the period before 1950 was a difficult stage in the history of the construction of botanical gardens in China. Over the past hundred years, there are three stages in the large-scale construction of modern botanical gardens, namely the restoration and exploration stages from 1950 to 1964, the rapid development stage from 1980 to 1994, and the steady development stage since 1995. The main functions of the botanical garden change from the investigation of plant resources, introduction and domestication to the protection of rare and endangered plants and the protection of biodiversity. There are 161 botanical gardens and arboretums that cover the main climatic regions in China, such as the tropical humid regions, the subtropical regions, and temperate regions, but there is no botanical garden in the cold and temperate regions on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially since 1980, the Chinese botanical gardens have made great progress in plantex situconservation and staff construction, and have become an important force in the international botanical gardens. At present, the total area of Chinese botanical gardens has reached 2 2 102,007.2 hm , of which the area of gardens for specific collections is 5,400 hm , and the area of natural 2 vegetation is 76,171.7 hm . China has builtex situconservation experimental facilities of a certain scale, of 2 which the area of plant conservation or nursery is 1,014.9 hm , the area of micro-propagation facilities is 2 2 36,745 m , the area of seed banks or seed specimen banks with an area of 11,962 m , and the area of specimen 2 arboreta is 30.4 hm . Chinese botanical gardens and arboreta have established a large-scale workforce. The
Preface
i
total number of employees is 11,227, including 2,876 scientiîc researchers, 2,937 landscaping and horticulture managers, 1,161 science popularization education personnel, more than 103 well-known botanical specialty experts, which have formed a certain inuence in the îeld of international botanical gardens and plantex situ conservation. According to a sample survey ofex situconservation plants in China, there are 396 families, 3,633 genera and 23,340 species. Among them, 288 families, 2,911 genera and 22,104 species are native plants, accounting for 91% of the family, 86% of the genera and 60% of the species in native higher plants, respectively. The living collections and cultivation in the Chinese botanical gardens and arboreta have formed the core and backbone of China plantex situconservation. About 40% of rare and endangered plants of the latest checklist ofChina Plant Red Data Bookhave been conservedex situin the Chinese botanical gardens. The Chinese botanical gardens and arboreta currently have 1,195 gardens of living collections. According to the preliminary analyses and statistics, 51 families with more than 100 species, 34 genera with more than 50 species, and 15,199 species of living plants have been collected andsitu ex cultivated in these gardens, which have played a positive role in the conservation of native plants in China. Due to their institutional characteristics, the botanical gardens of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have long been engaged in the collection, research, discovery and utilization of speciîc genus and family, and some specialized plants. The botanical gardens of CAS have the characteristics of long history, rich accumulation, strong regional representation and strong systematic data accumulation, and play a significant leading role in the number of accessions, ex situ conservation species, nationally and locally endemic species, rare and endangered species. The 119 members of Chinese Union of Botanical Gardens have extensive coverage and regional representation. In the national botanical garden system, the top 50 botanical gardens in the number ofex situconservation species, specialized living collection gardens, China and endemic species, and rare and endangered species have the botanical garden representativeness and the complete information ofex situconservation, have an extensive representative ofex situcollection and play a central role in plantex situconservation in China. China’s huge resource platform for the introduction,ex situcultivation and protection of plants at home and abroad in recent decades has played an important role in basic botanical studies, such as plant taxonomy, morphological anatomy, reproductive development, and genetic breeding. Based on living plant collection, the Chinese botanical gardens have made great progress in scientiîc research, and have played an extremely important role in the exploration and utilization of plant resources. The Chinese botanical gardens have become high-quality tourist scenic spots and important tourist destinations. A systematic service facility of public education and tourism has been established in order to facilitate and launch the public education courses for universities and middle and primary schools, and science popularization activities with unique features of botanical gardens. The number of tourists reached 160 million from 2012 to 2014, including 30 million young people, clearly suggests that the Chinese botanical gardens provided good social beneîts. However, the history of the Chinese modern botanical gardens is relatively short, and some problems exist in the botanical garden construction and management. For example, the Chinese botanical gardens lack the overall planning and deployment at the national level and the management norms of botanical garden construction. Pan park-based phenomenon exists in the management of botanical gardens. The collection of living plants and the management ofex situconservation in the Chinese botanical gardens are insufîcient. The management and information recording of living plants in the Chinese botanical gardens have not received sufîcient attention. Scientiîc researches on the collection of living plants are deîcient, and the applications of plant resources need to be strengthened. Public education and knowledge dissemination mostly stay at the
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THE CHINESE BOTANICAL GARDENS
