The Chinese botanical gardens

Hongwen HUANG

Description

Le livre ‘The Chinese Botanical Gardens’ résume de manière exhaustive le développement historique, la distribution et la subordination, l'introduction et la collecte des plantes, la conservation ex situ, l'enregistrement des informations sur les plantes, la recherche scientifique et l'état d'utilisation des jardins botaniques en Chine, avec une présentation détaillée du développement et de la conservation de 161jardins botaniques en Chine. Les jardins botaniques chinois ont joué un rôle actif dans la protection, l'exploration et l'utilisation des plantes et ont apporté un soutien important à la recherche botanique. Ils sont devenus une attraction touristique de grande qualité et une base d'éducation scientifique populaire en Chine.

Ce livre fournira des informations de base sur la construction, la gestion et le développement des jardins botaniques chinois. Il peut être utilisé comme matériel de recherche et de référence pour les enseignants et les étudiants professionnels concernés, les institutions d'éducation scientifique et les agences de voyage. Il peut également servir de référence pour la coopération entre les jardins botaniques chinois et étrangers.

Contents v

Preface

Chapter 1 Outline of the Chinese Botanical Gardens.....................................................................1

Chapter 2 A Brief Introduction of Botanical Gardens of China ................................................23

Beijing

Beijing Botanical Garden of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences......24

Beijing Botanical Garden.............................................................................................27

Beijing Medicinal Botanical Garden............................................................................30

Beijing Teaching Botanical Garden.............................................................................32

Shanghai

Medicinal Botanical Garden of the Second Military Medical University..................34

Shanghai Botanical Garden..........................................................................................36

Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences......................38

Chongqing

Chongqing Medicinal Botanical Garden.....................................................................41

Nanshan Botanical Garden...........................................................................................43

Chongqing Botanical Garden.......................................................................................45

Botanical Garden of Chongqing University................................................................47

Anhui

Huangshan Arboretum of Anhui Academy of Forestry...............................................50

Hefei Botanical Garden................................................................................................52

Fujian

Fuzhou Botanical Garden.............................................................................................54

Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden.............................56

Contents

vi THE CHINESE BOTANICAL GARDENS

Xiamen Botanical Garden............................................................................................58

Teaching Botanical Garden of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University...............60

Gansu

Minqin Desert Botanical Garden.................................................................................62

Maiji Botanical Garden................................................................................................65

Lanzhou Arboretum......................................................................................................67

Lanzhou Botanical Garden...........................................................................................69

Guangdong

South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences..................................72

South Subtropical Botanical Garden............................................................................76

Dinghushan Arboretum of South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of

Sciences........................................................................................................................78

Guangdong Tree Park...................................................................................................81

Arboretum of South China Agricultural University....................................................83

Shenzhen Fairylake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences......................85

Dongguan Botanical Garden........................................................................................87

Zhongshan Arboretum..................................................................................................89

Medicinal Botanical Garden of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University....................91

Chaozhou Botanical Garden.........................................................................................93

Guangxi

Arboretum of Guangxi Academy of Forestry..............................................................95

Guilin Botanical Garden of Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of

Sciences........................................................................................................................97

Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden........................................................................100

Arboretum of Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of

Forestry.......................................................................................................................103

Nanning Arboretum....................................................................................................105

Qingxiushan Forestry Botanical Garden....................................................................107

Liuzhou Karst Botanical Garden................................................................................110

Guizhou

Guizhou Botanical Garden.........................................................................................113

Arboretum of Guizhou Academy of Forestry............................................................115

Guiyang Medicinal Botanical Garden........................................................................117

Contents vii

Rare and Plateau Botanical Garden of Guizhou Mid-Subtropics..............................119

Zunyi Botanical Garden.............................................................................................121

Arboretum of Dongfeng Forestry Farm.....................................................................123

Hainan

Xinglong Tropical Botanical Garden.........................................................................125

Hainan Tropical Botanical Garden.............................................................................128

Hainan Fengmu Arboretum........................................................................................130

Xinglong Tropical Medicinal Botanical Garden........................................................132

Tropical Arboretum at Jianfengling...........................................................................134

Xinglong Tropical Garden..........................................................................................136

Hebei

Shijiazhuang Botanical Garden..................................................................................140

Gaobeidian Botanical Garden....................................................................................142

Baoding Botanical Garden.........................................................................................144

Tangshan Botanical Garden........................................................................................146

Henan

Jigongshan Botanical Garden.....................................................................................148

Luoyang National Peony Garden...............................................................................151

Zhengzhou Huanghe Botanical Garden.....................................................................153

Luoyang International Peony Garden........................................................................155

China National Flower Garden..................................................................................157

Luoyang Sui and Tang Relics Botanical Garden.......................................................159

Zhengzhou Botanical Garden.....................................................................................162

Heilongjiang

Heilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden.......................................................................164

Xiaoxinganling Botanical Garden..............................................................................166

Jixi Zoological and Botanical Garden........................................................................168

Jinhewan Wetland Botanical Garden.........................................................................170

Hubei

Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences........................................172

Moshan Landscape Botanical Garden........................................................................175

Central China Medicinal Botanical Garden...............................................................178

viii THE CHINESE BOTANICAL GARDENS

Yichang Sanxia Botanical Garden.............................................................................180

Hunan

Hunan Nanyue Arboretum.........................................................................................182

Hunan Forest Botanical Garden.................................................................................184

Chenzhou Nanling Botanical Garden........................................................................186

Arboretum of South Central Forestry Science and Technology University..............188

South Hunan Botanical Garden..................................................................................190

Guidong Botanical Garden.........................................................................................192

Jilin

Changbaishan Botanical Garden................................................................................194

Changchun Forest Botanical Garden.........................................................................196

Changchun Zoological and Botanical Garden...........................................................198

Jiangsu

Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen, Chinese Academy of Sciences........200

Pharmaceutical Arboretum of China Pharmaceutical University..............................203

Taihu Ornamental Botanical Garden..........................................................................205

Xuzhou Botanical Garden..........................................................................................208

Yangzhou Botanical Garden.......................................................................................210

Chongchuan Botanical Garden..................................................................................213

Jiangxi

Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences........................................216

Gannan Arboretum.....................................................................................................219

Dagangshan Arboretum..............................................................................................222

Nanchang Botanical Garden.......................................................................................224

Liaoning

Xiongyue Arboretum..................................................................................................226

Shenyang Arboretum of Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

.....................................................................................................................................228

Medicinal Botanical Garden of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University.....................231

Shenyang Botanical Garden.......................................................................................233

Dalian Botanical Garden............................................................................................236

Dalian Yinggeshi Botanical Garden...........................................................................238

Contents ix

Shenyang Tree Specimens Garden.............................................................................241

Inner Mongolia

Arding Botanical Garden............................................................................................245

Arboretum of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry...........................................248

Chifeng Botanical Garden..........................................................................................250

Ningxia

Yinchuan Botanical Garden.......................................................................................252

Qinghai

Xining Landscape Botanical Garden.........................................................................254

Shandong

Arboretum of Shandong Agricultural University......................................................257

Botanical Garden of Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine...............259

Qingdao Botanical Garden.........................................................................................261

Shandong Linyi Zoological and Botanical Garden...................................................263

Jinan Botanical Garden...............................................................................................265

Weifang Botanical Garden.........................................................................................267

Forest Botanical Garden of Taishan Forestry Research Institute..............................270

Herb Garden of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine..................272

Shanxi

Wutaishan Arboretum.................................................................................................274

Datong Botanical Garden...........................................................................................276

Jinsha Botanical Garden.............................................................................................278

Taiyuan Botanical Garden..........................................................................................281

Shaanxi

Yulin Hongshixia Sand Botanical Garden.................................................................283

Xi’an Botanical Garden..............................................................................................285

Baoji Botanical Garden..............................................................................................288

Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Arboretum......................................290

Heilongtan Montane Arboretum................................................................................292

Yulin Woyunshan Botanical Garden..........................................................................294

Qinling National Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences........................296

x THE CHINESE BOTANICAL GARDENS

Sichuan

Chengdu Botanical Garden........................................................................................298

Emeishan Botanical Garden.......................................................................................300

West China Subalpine Botanical Garden of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of

Sciences......................................................................................................................303

Xinjiang

Turpan Desert Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences.............................305

Urumqi Botanical Garden..........................................................................................308

Tazhong Botanical Garden.........................................................................................311

Botanical Garden of Longkun....................................................................................313

Yunnan

Kunming Botanical Garden of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of

Sciences......................................................................................................................315

Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences............318

Xishuangbanna Medicinal Botanical Garden............................................................321

Kunming Arboretum of Yunnan Academy of Forestry..............................................323

Kunming Landscape Botanical Garden.....................................................................325

Xishuangbanna Tropical Flower Garden...................................................................327

Shangri-La Alpine Botanical Garden.........................................................................329

Zhejiang

The Botanical Garden of Zhejiang University...........................................................332

Hangzhou Botanical Garden......................................................................................334

Wenzhou Botanical Garden........................................................................................336

Anji Bamboo Garden..................................................................................................338

Zhejiang Bamboo Garden..........................................................................................341

Introduction and Domestication Botanical Garden of Zhoushan Island...................343

Botanical Garden of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University.........................345

Tianjing Aquatic Botanical Garden............................................................................348

Jiaxing Botanical Garden...........................................................................................350

Tongxiang Botanical Garden......................................................................................352

Ningbo Botanical Garden...........................................................................................354

Hong Kong

Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens.........................................................357

Contents xi

Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden.............................................................................359

Shing Mun Arboretum................................................................................................362

Macao

Macao Botanical Garden............................................................................................365

Taiwan

Taipei Botanical Garden.............................................................................................368

Hengchun Tropical Botanical Garden........................................................................371

Chiayi Botanical Garden............................................................................................374

Taiwan Alpine Botanical Garden...............................................................................377

Siaping Tropical Botanical Garden............................................................................379

Shuangsi Tropical Arboretum.....................................................................................382

Fushan Botanical Garden...........................................................................................384

Shanping Forest Ecological Science Park..................................................................387

Kaohsiung Original Botanical Garden.......................................................................389

Neishuangxi Medicinal Herb Garden........................................................................391

Museum of Natural Science Botanical Garden..........................................................393

Yuan Sen Applied Botanical Garden..........................................................................396

Taimali Coastal Botanical Garden..............................................................................399

Chapter 3 Status Quo and Developmental Prospects of the Chinese Botanical Gardens......403

References............................................................................................................................................420

Sujets

• Plants
• Sciences et techniques
• Nature

Informations

• Publié par: EDP Sciences
• Date de parution: 13 janvier 2022
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9782759827015
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 176 Mo

Extrait

Current Natural Sciences

Hongwen HUANG

B O TA N Y

The Chinese Botanical Gardens

B O TA N Y

ISBN : 978-2-7598-2700-8

9 782759 827008

Current Natural Sciences

The Chinese Botanical Gardens

Hongwen HUANG

The Chinese Botanical Gardens summarizes the comprehensively historical development, distribution and subordination, plant introduction and collection, ex situ plant information recording, conservation, scientific research and utilization status of botanical gardens in China, with detailed introduction of the development and conservation of 161 botanical gardens in China. Chinese botanical gardens have played an active role in plant protection, exploration and utilization and provided important supports for botany research, and have become a high quality tourist attraction and popular science education base in China.

This book will provide basic guiding information for the construction, management and development of Chinese botanical gardens. It can be used as research and reference material for relevant professional teachers and students, scientific education institutions and travel agencies. It can also be used as a reference for the cooperation between botanical gardens at home and abroad.

www.edpsciences.org

C urre nt Na tura l Sc ie nc e s

Hongwen HUANG

The Chinese Botanical Gardens

Edited by Hongwen HUANG Translated by Yunyun SHAO

This book was originally published by Science Press, © Science Press, 2021.

Printed in France

EDP Sciences – ISBN(print): 978-2-7598-2700-8 – ISBN(ebook): 978-2-7598-2701-5

All rights relative to translation, adaptation and reproduction by any means whatsoever are reserved, worldwide. In accordance with the terms of paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 41 of the French Act dated March 11, 1957, “copies or reproductions reserved strictly for private use and not intended for collective use” and, on the other hand, analyses and short quotations for example or illustrative purposes, are allowed. Otherwise, “any representation or reproduction – whether in full or in part – without the consent of the author or of his successors or assigns, is unlawful” (Article 40, paragraph 1). Any representation or reproduction, by any means whatsoever, will therefore be deemed an infringement of copyright punishable under Articles 425 and following of the French Penal Code.

The printed edition is not for sale in Chinese mainland. Customers in Chinese mainland please order the print book from Science Press. ISBN of the China edition: Science Press ISBN: 978-7-03-068683-1

 Science Press, EDP Sciences, 2021 ©

Ecological Civilization—Building a Shared Future for All Life on Earth This book is dedicated to the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to theConvention on Biological Diversity

The Writing Team of The Chinese Botanical Gardens

Edited byHUANG Hongwen Translated bySHAO Yunyun

Editorial Board Members

(Alphabetically)

Chapter 1 Outline of the Chinese Botanical Gardens HUANG Hongwen LIAO Jingping ZHANG Zheng ZHAO Tong

Chapter 2 A Brief Introduction of Botanical Gardens of China (investigated provinces in the brackets)

Questionnaire Surveyors:

HUANG Ruilan

ZHAN Qingqing

LIAO Jingping NING Zulin XIE Siming ZHANG Zheng ZHAO Tong

Field Interviewers:

CUI Changjie (Ningxia, Gansu)

GAN Yangying (Shaanxi)

KUANG Yanfeng (Hunan, Jiangsu)

LIU Huanfang (Guizhou)

LI Bingxin (Zhejiang, Shanxi)

QIN Suqing (Zhejiang, Shanxi)

SHAO Yunyun (Ningxia, Gansu)

WANG Dandan (Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Henan)

XU Fengxia (Guizhou)

XU Kai (Shaanxi, Xinjiang)

YANG Guifang (Shandong, Hebei)

YU Qianxia (Guizhou)

ZHAO Tong (Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Henan)

ZOU Pu (Hunan, Jiangsu)

Initial Writers of the Introduction and Information:

CHEN Yinjie (Jilin, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning)

KE Xiaoxia (Sichuan, Taiwan)

YU Jinyun (Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shanghai)

ZHANG Jingfeng (Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Macao)

ZHANG Yiqi (Chongqing, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Hong Kong, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang)

ZENG Xiaoping (Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan)

Proofreaders of the Introduction and Information:

CHEN Xinlan (Anhui, Beijing, Gansu)

LI Biqiu (Shandong)

KE Xiaoxia (Hunan, Hubei)

LI Suwen (Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan)

LI Wenyan (Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing)

LIU Hua (Zhejiang, Xinjiang)

WEI Qiang (Guangxi)

LIN Canjia (Hunan)

SONG Zhengping (Guangdong)

XIE Jiumei (Tianjin, Hebei, Henan)

XIE Siming (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning)

ZHAN Qingqing (Yunnan, Shanghai)

ZHANG Yiqi (Jiangxi, Jiangsu)

YU Jinyun (Jiangxi, Jiangsu)

ZHANG Jingfeng (Fujian)

ZHANG Zheng (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning)

ZENG Xiaoping (Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai)

Final Compilers and Editors of the Introduction and Information:

ZHANG Yiqi NING Zulin LIAO Jingping

Chapter 3 Status Quo and Developmental Prospects ofThe Chinese Botanical Gardens HUANG Hongwen LIAO Jingping ZHANG Zheng ZHAO Tong

Preface

There are about 2,000 existing botanical gardens (arboreta) in the world, with about 100,000 species of higher plants collected and preserved. Of these species, about 15,000 are endangered plants. These gardens receive 200 million visitors annually, promoting the advancement of plant science and public knowledge services. Due to the lack of systematic review of the historical and current data of Chinese botanical gardens, the basic status of the number of botanical gardens, conservation capacity, and plantex situconservation are unclear, and the national strategy forex situconservation of plant diversity is difîcult to clarify. After more than four years of questionnaire survey, literature research, and field visits, the team ofEx Situ Cultivated Flora of Chinain South China Botanical Gardens carried out a comprehensive survey of the national botanical gardens and theirex situconservation, analyzed the development status and existing problems of the Chinese botanical gardens, and proposed relevant suggestions. They expected to promote the joint development of the national botanical gardens through the implementation of the “Construction and Evaluation of the National Standard System of Botanical Gardens” and the compilation and research ofEx Situ Cultivated Flora of China, and to play an active role in integrating the protection and utilization of plant resources. Since the establishment of the Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens in Hong Kong by Westerners in 1871, the Chinese botanical gardens had experienced about 150 years. But before 1950, the botanical gardens and arboretums in China were mainly established by colonists, and secondly by the Chinese. The main purpose of the botanical gardens and arboretums established by the Chinese was to meet the needs of research of plant resources and teaching in China, and the period before 1950 was a difficult stage in the history of the construction of botanical gardens in China. Over the past hundred years, there are three stages in the large-scale construction of modern botanical gardens, namely the restoration and exploration stages from 1950 to 1964, the rapid development stage from 1980 to 1994, and the steady development stage since 1995. The main functions of the botanical garden change from the investigation of plant resources, introduction and domestication to the protection of rare and endangered plants and the protection of biodiversity. There are 161 botanical gardens and arboretums that cover the main climatic regions in China, such as the tropical humid regions, the subtropical regions, and temperate regions, but there is no botanical garden in the cold and temperate regions on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially since 1980, the Chinese botanical gardens have made great progress in plantex situconservation and staff construction, and have become an important force in the international botanical gardens. At present, the total area of Chinese botanical gardens has reached 2 2 102,007.2 hm , of which the area of gardens for specific collections is 5,400 hm , and the area of natural 2 vegetation is 76,171.7 hm . China has builtex situconservation experimental facilities of a certain scale, of 2 which the area of plant conservation or nursery is 1,014.9 hm , the area of micro-propagation facilities is 2 2 36,745 m , the area of seed banks or seed specimen banks with an area of 11,962 m , and the area of specimen 2 arboreta is 30.4 hm . Chinese botanical gardens and arboreta have established a large-scale workforce. The

Preface

i

total number of employees is 11,227, including 2,876 scientiîc researchers, 2,937 landscaping and horticulture managers, 1,161 science popularization education personnel, more than 103 well-known botanical specialty experts, which have formed a certain inuence in the îeld of international botanical gardens and plantex situ conservation. According to a sample survey ofex situconservation plants in China, there are 396 families, 3,633 genera and 23,340 species. Among them, 288 families, 2,911 genera and 22,104 species are native plants, accounting for 91% of the family, 86% of the genera and 60% of the species in native higher plants, respectively. The living collections and cultivation in the Chinese botanical gardens and arboreta have formed the core and backbone of China plantex situconservation. About 40% of rare and endangered plants of the latest checklist ofChina Plant Red Data Bookhave been conservedex situin the Chinese botanical gardens. The Chinese botanical gardens and arboreta currently have 1,195 gardens of living collections. According to the preliminary analyses and statistics, 51 families with more than 100 species, 34 genera with more than 50 species, and 15,199 species of living plants have been collected andsitu ex  cultivated in these gardens, which have played a positive role in the conservation of native plants in China. Due to their institutional characteristics, the botanical gardens of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have long been engaged in the collection, research, discovery and utilization of speciîc genus and family, and some specialized plants. The botanical gardens of CAS have the characteristics of long history, rich accumulation, strong regional representation and strong systematic data accumulation, and play a significant leading role in the number of accessions, ex situ conservation species, nationally and locally endemic species, rare and endangered species. The 119 members of Chinese Union of Botanical Gardens have extensive coverage and regional representation. In the national botanical garden system, the top 50 botanical gardens in the number ofex situconservation species, specialized living collection gardens, China and endemic species, and rare and endangered species have the botanical garden representativeness and the complete information ofex situconservation, have an extensive representative ofex situcollection and play a central role in plantex situconservation in China. China’s huge resource platform for the introduction,ex situcultivation and protection of plants at home and abroad in recent decades has played an important role in basic botanical studies, such as plant taxonomy, morphological anatomy, reproductive development, and genetic breeding. Based on living plant collection, the Chinese botanical gardens have made great progress in scientiîc research, and have played an extremely important role in the exploration and utilization of plant resources. The Chinese botanical gardens have become high-quality tourist scenic spots and important tourist destinations. A systematic service facility of public education and tourism has been established in order to facilitate and launch the public education courses for universities and middle and primary schools, and science popularization activities with unique features of botanical gardens. The number of tourists reached 160 million from 2012 to 2014, including 30 million young people, clearly suggests that the Chinese botanical gardens provided good social beneîts. However, the history of the Chinese modern botanical gardens is relatively short, and some problems exist in the botanical garden construction and management. For example, the Chinese botanical gardens lack the overall planning and deployment at the national level and the management norms of botanical garden construction. Pan park-based phenomenon exists in the management of botanical gardens. The collection of living plants and the management ofex situconservation in the Chinese botanical gardens are insufîcient. The management and information recording of living plants in the Chinese botanical gardens have not received sufîcient attention. Scientiîc researches on the collection of living plants are deîcient, and the applications of plant resources need to be strengthened. Public education and knowledge dissemination mostly stay at the

ii

THE CHINESE BOTANICAL GARDENS