Christian of Palestinian origin, Swiss citizen, licence and doctorate in law (Fribourg), diploma in political science (Geneva), habilitation to direct researches (Bordeaux), professor of universities (CNU France, sections 1 and 15), responsible for Arab and Islamic Law in the Swiss Institute of Comparative Law (1980-2009), director of the Centre of Arab and Islamic Law, Visiting Professor in the universities of Aix-en-Provence, Cergy-Pontoise, Grenoble, Palermo, Trento and Lugano. Author of numerous books and articles on Arab and Islamic law, including a translation of the Koran in chronological order in French, in Italian and in English, and an Arabic translation of the Swiss constitution for the Confederation.